16 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



19 (18) Species associated with figs (Ficus spp.). 



In Europe only Philotrypesis caricae (Westwood), found in south-west 

 Europe, Asia, and Africa. The female has the last two gastral segments 

 much lengthened to form a half-cylinder which covers about the proximal 

 third of the ovipositor sheaths, the latter much longer than the body ; 

 spiracles of propodeum placed about midway between the front and hind 

 margins of the sclerite (Sycophaginae) .... TORYMIDAE (part) 



- Species not associated with figs ; apical segments of female gaster rarely 



thus lengthened, if so then the propodeal spiracles are close to the hind 

 margin of the metanotum . . . . . . . . .20 



20 (19) Females only : last tergite of gaster (ninth abdominal) (Text-fig. 14) emar- 



ginate posteriorly, with a small articulated flap (epipygium, ep.) in the arc 

 of the emargination ; pygostyles (p.) attached very near to or at the hind 

 margin of the tergite, and tending to be longer than thick. Ovipositor 

 sheaths more or less far exserted, their exserted portion usually equalling at 

 least one-third the length of the hind tibia, sometimes longer than the whole 

 body ; sheaths often transversely striate. Anterior margin of metapleuron 

 (Text-fig. 15) often sinuate TORYMIDAE 



- Males and females : last tergite of gaster (ninth abdominal) (Text-figs. 16, 



18, 25, 48-50, 55, 56-58) normally triangular and not emarginate posteriorly, 

 without an articulated epipygial flap, its apex resting on the ovipositor 

 sheaths, and its pygostyles more or less distant from its hind margin ; 

 pygostyles rarely longer than thick, sometimes placoid. In some Ptero- 

 malidae Ormocerini the last tergite is turned up, away from the ovipositor 

 sheaths, and the pygostyles (Text-fig. 16) are attached to its hind margin ; 

 but these species have no articulated epipygial flap. Ovipositor sheaths 

 seldom far exserted, if so then they are reticulate, longitudinally aciculate, 

 or smooth. Anterior margin of metapleuron straight or evenly curved . 21 



21 (20) Hind femora strongly swollen, only 15 to 3 times as long as broad, their 



ventral edge armed with teeth or more or less serrated ; hind tibiae usually 

 conspicuously curved, their apices sometimes obliquely truncate. 



Antennae most often with one anellus and seven funicular segments, or 

 without anelli and with eight funicular segments. Head and dorsum of 

 thorax most often with strong, and sometimes dense, umbilicate piliferous 

 punctures. Pronotum often large and subrectangular .... 22 



Hind femora rarely so strongly swollen, if so then having their ventral edge 

 unarmed ; hind tibiae at most slightly curved, their apices not obliquely 

 truncate. 



Antennal formula often other than above. Head and dorsum of thorax 

 very often without conspicuous piliferous punctures. Pronotum often 

 shorter, or shaped differently . . . . . . 25 



22 (21) Postspiracular sclerite usually invisible or (Text-fig. 17) forming only a small 



or narrow plate near the tegula, if rather larger (some Leucospididae) then 

 the tegula nearly touches the pronotum ; mesopleuron narrowing ventrad, 

 mesepimeron absent or indistinctly defined because of coarse sculpture ; 

 body most often black, sometimes with white, yellow, or red markings, 

 rarely metallic. Antennae with one anellus and seven funicular segments, 

 or without anelli but with eight funicular segments . . . . 23 



- Postspiracular sclerite (Text-figs. 15, 20, 24, 26) larger and extending far 



ventrad ; tegula usually separated from the pronotum by at least its own 

 length ; mesopleuron usually distinctly divided into a mesepisternum and 

 epimeron. Body very often metallic, if non-metallic then the antennal 

 formula is usually different from the above ...... 24 



