PTEROMALIDAE OF N.W. EUROPE 15 



female most often with one anellus, seven funicular segments, and a solid 



or three-segmented clava ....... EUPELMIDAE 



Mid tarsi not modified as in the above ; mid coxae without a membranous area 

 ventrally and not capable of being swung directly forwards ; spur of mid 

 tibia rarely so thick ; mesepisternum nearly always with a femoral groove, 

 which extends from the base of the mid coxa towards the base of the fore 

 wing. Pronotum, except in some exotic Pteromalidae Cleonyminae, not 

 divided longitudinally. Postspiracular sclerite not free ventrally, nearly 

 always as high or higher than broad, usually flat, or somewhat concave 

 with its upper and hind margins slightly raised. Propodeum usually not 

 shorter, but often longer, medially than at the sides . . . . 16 



(15) Postspiracular sclerite (Text-fig. 12) lying in the same plane as, and fused with, 



the lateral part of the pronotum ; the latter is rigidly coadapted to the 

 mesepisternum. Thorax in profile (Text-fig. 12) short and high. Gaster 

 often with only one or two tergites visible in dorsal view. Notauli 

 complete ............ 17 



Postspiracular sclerite [absent in a very few species] not lying -in the same 

 plane as, and not fused with, the lateral part of the pronotum ; the latter 

 can usually swing forwards away from the mesothorax. Thorax sometimes 

 otherwise in shape. Gaster most often with more than two tergites visible 

 in dorsal view ........... 18 



(16) Pronotum not visible from above, being hidden by the mesoscutum which is 



strongly convex, or protuberant anteriorly. Mandibles nearly always 

 sickle-shaped, in a few species very short, straight, and hanging down 

 vertically ; in these species the antennal scape is shorter than the first 

 funicular segment and hardly longer than broad, whilst the head is narrower 

 than the thorax. Petiole of gaster longer, often very much longer, than 

 broad, often as long as the rest of the gaster ; third abdominal tergite 

 usually covering the rest in dorsal view. Fore wing (Text-fig. 13) : stigmal 

 vein usually directed at approximately a right angle relative to the costal 

 edge, sometimes slightly oblique. Head in front view usually more or less 

 triangular. Antennae very varied in form : most often without anelli or 

 with only one, usually with seven or eight funicular segments ; flagellum in 

 male often with branches. Scutellum in exotic species often with bizarre 

 processes EUCHARITIDAE 



Pronotum clearly visible in dorsal view of thorax. Mandibles not sickle- 

 shaped. Antennal scape very much longer than the first funicular 

 segment, and much longer than broad. Petiole very short and transverse ; 

 dorsal surface of gaster often occupied wholly or nearly wholly by the con- 

 nate third and fourth abdominal tergites. Fore wing : stigmal vein 

 oblique. Head in front view not triangular. Antennal formula usually 

 1 1 173, sometimes u 1 71 ; flagellum without branches. Scutellum without, 

 or with at most short, teeth or processes . . . PERILAMPIDAE 



(16) Females only : mandible with a proximal appendage which lies against the 

 underside of the head and is transversely ridged, these ridges sometimes 

 appearing like serrations. Third or fourth segment of antenna often with a 

 process or appendage. Species associated with figs (Ficus spp.). 



The only species found in Europe is Blastophaga psenes (L.) which occurs in 

 south-west Europe, Asia, and Africa ..... AGAONIDAE 



Males and females : mandibles without such an appendage. Third and fourth 

 segments of female antenna without processes. Species, except some 

 Torymidae and Eurytomidae, not associated with figs .... 19 



