68 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



Thomson (1876-8) apparently did not know the group at all. Ashmead (1904 : 

 312-325) proposed a subfamily of Pteromalidae which he named Eunotinae. Most 

 of the genera which he included in the subfamily are still regarded as belonging to it ; 

 but he excluded Epicopterus, which is currently placed in Eunotinae. Ashmead's 

 concept of the group has in the main been generally accepted, though its scope has 

 been extended to include Epicopterus and some related genera ; but authors differ 

 in their views on the status of the group, some regarding it as a subfamily, others as 

 merely a tribe. I consider it sufficiently distinct, both in the structure and biology 

 of its members, to be regarded as a subfamily. 



Key to European Genera 



1 Females with antennae with two anelli and five funicular segments (formula 



1 1 253) ; fore wing with front edge of costal cell strongly curved inwards at 

 apex, so that the wing appears excised at this point. Males with antennal 

 formula 11263. Both sexes with head not sharp-edged at the junction of 

 vertex and occiput ; antennae inserted at least slightly above level of 

 ventral edge of eyes ; both mandibles with four teeth ; fore wing with 

 marginal vein thickened, only three to six times as long as broad, post- 

 marginal vein much longer than the marginal vein 



EPICOPTERUS Westwood (p. 69) 



- Females with antennae without anelli, or if one is present, it is invisible in dried 



specimens ; with four or five funicular segments ; fore wing with front 

 edge of costal cell straight or less strongly curved. Males with antennae 

 without anelli, with four or five funicular segments. Both sexes with head 

 (Text-figs. 38, 54) with a sharp edge at the junction of vertex and occiput ; 

 antennae inserted below level of ventral edge of eyes ; mandibles with two 

 or three teeth ; fore wing with marginal vein not, or relatively less 

 strongly, thickened .......... 2 



2 (1) Propodeum, medially, about half as long as the scutellum and strongly pro- 



duced beyond the bases of the hind coxae. Sculpture of scutellum tending 

 to form longitudinal striae ; mesoscutum and scutellum with relatively few 

 but long bristles. Fore wing with basal half almost bare ; submarginal vein 

 strongly sinuate before its apex. Head at least partly reddish. Basal 

 tergite of gaster with a tuft of pale hairs on either side at extreme base 



MORANILA Cameron (p. 70) 



- Propodeum sometimes concealed beneath the scutellum, but when exposed 



clearly less than half as long as the scutellum ; medially not or hardly 

 produced beyond the bases of the hind coxae. Sculpture of scutellum 

 composed of ordinary reticulation ; mesoscutum and scutellum densely 

 pilose. Fore wing with basal half at least fairly extensively, usually 

 mainly, pilose ; submarginal vein not or hardly sinuate apically. Head 

 black with a metallic tinge. Basal tergite of gaster without tufts of hairs 

 at its base ............ 3 



3 (2) Scutellum very large, fully twice or more than twice as long as mesoscutum, 



covering the propodeum and overlapping the gaster to a greater or less 

 extent. Mandibles with three teeth, the inner tooth obtuse 



SCUTELLISTA Motschulsky (p. 75) 



- Scutellum (Text-fig. 54) less than twice as long as mesoscutum, not covering 



the propodeum, and not overlapping the gaster. Mandibles with two acute 

 teeth EUNOTUS Walker (p. 71) 



