70 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



Biology. Unknown. Kryger (1943 : 71) considered that choreiformis might be 

 parasitic on Coccids occurring on fir-trees, from his observations in Denmark. The 

 hosts suggested seem not unlikely, although the species is probably not always 

 associated with fir-trees ; in England I have taken it in marshy places where no 

 coniferous trees were present in the vicinity. Imagines appear in July and August. 



MO R ANIL A Cameron 



Tomocera Howard, 1881 : 368. Type-species : T. californica Howard, by monotypy. [Pre- 

 occupied by Tomocera Desmarest, 1858]. 

 Moranila Cameron, 1883 : 188. Type-species : M. testaceipes Cameron, by monotypy. 

 Dilophogaster Howard, 1886 : 98 [n. n. for Tomocera Howard nee Desmarest]. 

 Tomocera Howard ; Schmiedeknecht, 1909 : 368, 369. 



Eunotomyia Masi, 1917 : 297. Type-species : E. f estiva Masi, by monotypy. 

 Tomocera Howard ; Mercet, 1924 : 422-426. 

 Tomocera Howard ; Masi, 1928a : 56-58. 

 Tomocera Howard ; Smith & Compere, 1928 : 317-321. 

 Tomocera Howard ; Nikol'skaya, 1952 : 236. 

 Moranila Cameron Burks, in Krombein, 1958 : 75. 

 Moranila Cameron ; Peck, 1963 : 631-632. 

 Moranila Cameron ; Peck et al., 1964 : 31. 



Mercet (1924 : 422) suggested that Tomocera Howard might be the same as 

 Moranila Cameron. Smith and Compere (1928 : 317) considered them to be 

 identical, but adopted the name Tomocera. Eunotomyia was synonymized with 

 Tomocera by Masi himself (1928a : 56-57). In 1958 Burks {in Krombein) adopted 

 the name Moranila Cameron, placing Tomocera, Dilophogaster, and Eunotomyia in 

 synonymy with it. 



Moranila californica (Howard) 



Tomocera californica Howard, 1881 : 352, 368-369, <$ $. 



Moranila testaceipes Cameron, 1883 : 188-189. 



Tomocera californica Howard ; Mercet, 1924 : 424-426, $. 



Tomocera californica Howard ; Masi, 1928a : 57. 



Tomocera californica Howard ; Smith & Compere, 1928 : 317-321. 



Moranila californica (Howard) Burks, in Krombein, 1958 : 75. 



Moranila californica (Howard) ; Peck, 1963 : 631-632. 



Moranila californica (Howard) ; Peck et al., 1964 : 31. 



For a complete list of references, see Peck (1963). 



Type material. Tomocera californica Howard. Syntypes, U.S.A., California, 

 Los Angeles, in U.S.N.M. (not seen). 



Moranila testaceipes Cameron. Described from Oahu, Hawaiian Islands. A 

 female in BM(NH) is taken to be the type ; it is labelled " Cameron 99-30"; 

 " testaceipes Cam." (possibly in Cameron's handwriting) ; and " Moranila " (in 

 handwritten print). The species was apparently recognized as being identical with 

 californica (Howard) by Howard himself (1896 : 165). This synonymy was accepted 

 by Smith and Compere (1928), Burks in Krombein (1958) and Peck (1963). 



