98 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



TRIGONODERINI 



Trigonoderus Westwood and Plutothrix Forster were included by the latter in his 

 family Cleonymoidae (1856 : 46, 47). Thomson also placed the species belonging to 

 the two above genera, together with Platygerrhus and Photismus, in his " subtribe " 

 Cleonymides. The same genera were also placed in Cleonymidae, together with 

 several diverse elements, by Ashmead (1904) and Schmiedeknecht (1909). For 

 some years Dr. Boucek and I had considered that the Trigonodems-gvoup had no 

 close connection with Cleonyminae ; Boucek referred to this in his study of the latter 

 (1958 : 355). Later (in Peck et al., 1964 : 35) he treated Trigonoderus and allied 

 genera as a tribe Trigonoderini. My own view (reached independently) agrees with 

 his. I consider this tribe to come nearest to Miscogasterini ; certain features in 

 Trigonoderini seem to suggest this, for example the structure of the thorax, the 

 relatively long postmarginal vein, the antennae, and the well-defined clypeus. The 

 latter in Trigonoderus and Plutothrix has its front margin angulate ; it is interesting 

 to note that this angulation is very slightly asymmetric and not placed exactly in 

 the median line. This recalls the asymmetric teeth on the clypeus of many 

 Miscogasterini, the only other group of Pteromalidae known to me in which such 

 asymmetric teeth occur. Trigonoderini and Miscogasterini appear to be well- 

 defined biologically, the former being parasites of Coleoptera, the latter of Diptera, 

 especially of Agromyzidae. 



Key to European Genera 



1 Anterior margin of clypeus bidentate. 



Postspiracular sclerite without an oblique carina ; scutellar frenum 

 marked off by an impressed line . . . ERDOESIA Boucek (p. 123) 



- Anterior margin of clypeus either (Text-figs. 92, 93) with one submedian tooth; 



or edentate ........... 2 



2 (1) Anterior margin of clypeus without teeth, truncate or shallowly emarginate ; 



postspiracular sclerite uniformly reticulate, without an oblique carina. 

 Female with hind margin of basal tergite of gaster not emarginate or incised 

 medially ............ 3 



- Anterior margin of clypeus with a submedian tooth or angulation ; postspira- 



cular sclerite with an oblique carina which marks off a triangular upper area. 

 Female with hind margin of basal tergite of gaster nearly always more or 

 less incised or emarginate medially ....... 5 



3 (2) Scutellum (Text-figs. 86, 88) without a frenum, flattened or weakly convex, 



with reticulation composed of more or less elongated areoles 



PLATYGERRHUS Thomson (p. 108) 



- Scutellum with a frenum, marked off by an impressed line, more strongly 



convex, its reticulation composed of nearly isodiametric areoles . . 4 



4 (3) Female with hind margin of basal tergite of gaster not produced in the middle ; 



pronotum shorter, its median length at most about half its breadth, in 

 dorsal view ; fore wing immaculate in European species. Male with petiole 

 of gaster not longer than broad ; funicular segments of antenna not nodulose, 

 with hairs only moderately outstanding JANSSONIELLA Kerrich (p. 106) 



- Female with hind margin of basal tergite of gaster produced into a rounded 



lobe ; pronotum longer, its median length more than half its breadth ; 

 fore wing nearly always with fuscous markings. Male with petiole of gaster 



