PTEROMALIDAE OF N.W. EUROPE 99 



at least slightly longer than broad ; funicular segments of antenna with 

 numerous small nodules from which strongly outstanding hairs arise 



GASTRACANTHUS Westwood (p. 122) 

 (2) Fore wing with a moderately large speculum ; upper triangle of postspiracular 



sclerite shiny, weakly sculptured or smooth . PLUTOTHRIX Forster (p. 102) 

 Fore wing without, or with at most a rudimentary speculum ; upper triangle 

 of postspiracular sclerite distinctly reticulate 



TRIGONODERUS Westwood (p. 99) 



TRIGONODERUS Westwood 



Trigonoderus Westwood, 1832a : 127. Type-species : T. princeps Westwood, by monotypy. 

 Trigonoderus Westwood ; Walker, 1837 : 15, ex parte. 



Pterolycus Ratzeburg, 1848 : 208. Type-species : Pteromalus (Pterolycus) fyrandtii Ratzeburg, 

 by designation of Gahan & Fagan, 1923. 



Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 

 Trigonoderus Westwood 



Thomson, 1878 : 7, ex parte. 



Schmiedeknecht, 1909 : 156, 157, 166-167, ex parte. 



Nikol'skaya, 1952 : 212, ex parte. 



Novitzky, 1955 : 26-34. 



Kerrich & Graham, 1957 : 285-293. 



Ferriere & Kerrich, 1958 : 26-27. 



Peck et al., 1964 : 35. 



The European species were revised by Kerrich & Graham (1957) ; three being 

 recognized as valid. In the following account four species are recognized, T. pulcher, 

 previously placed in synonymy with princeps Westwood, being considered to be a 

 valid species. Consequently there are some alterations in the synonymy. 



Key to European Species 

 (Females) 



i Fore wing with two fuscous clouds, one below the base of the marginal vein, the 



other lying across the stigmal vein. Postmarginal vein not strongly curved, 

 ending remote from the tip of the wing. Gaster reddish at base, at least 

 beneath ....... cyanescens (Forster) (p. 102) 



Fore wing with at most one fuscous cloud, below the stigma. Either the 

 postmarginal vein is strongly curved and almost reaches the tip of the wing, 

 or else the gaster is not distinctly reddish at the base .... 2 



2 (1) Fore wing with postmarginal vein strongly curved and almost reaching the tip 

 of the wing. Gaster reddish at base, at least beneath ; hypopygium short, 

 extending one third or hardly one third along the gaster. Temples con- 

 verging quite strongly behind eyes. Femora and tibiae reddish testaceous. 

 Fuscous cloud of fore wing normally very well-defined, extending from the 

 stigma in a direction approximately at right angles to the costal margin 



filatus Walker (p. 101) 



- Fore wing with postmarginal vein less strongly curved and not nearly reaching 



the tip of the wing. Gaster not distinctly reddish at base ; hypopygium 

 longer, extending two fifths along gaster, or rather more. Temples con- 

 verging less strongly behind eyes. Femora often infuscate, tibiae occasion- 

 ally so. Fore wing sometimes immaculate ; the fuscous cloud, when 

 present, tending to be diffuse and to curve towards the base of the wing . 3 



