PTEROMALIDAE OF N.W. EUROPE 421 



Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker ; Haliday, 1841-1842 : v, pi. A, fig. 2, $. 

 Pteromalus subulifer Forster, 1841 : 30, $. 

 Styloceras subulifer (Forster) Ratzeburg, 1844a : 208, o" ?• 

 Storthygoceras subulifer (Forster) ; Ratzeburg, 1848 : 208-209, <$ $. 

 Rhaphidotelus maculatus Walker ; Forster, 1856 : 56. 

 Raphitelus [sic] maculatus Walker ; Russo, 1938 : 216-225, 6* ?• 

 Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker ; Ferriere, 1948 : 527-528, o* ? [ex parte]. 

 Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker ; Boucek, 19576 : 76, $ $. 

 Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker ; Hedqvist, 1963 : 94-96, o* $• 

 Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker ; Peck, 1963 : 654-655. 



Type material. Rhaphitelus maculatus Walker. One female, mounted on a 

 card and unlabelled (though standing under this name). I identify this as the 

 Holotype ; Walker (1873 : 298) stated that he had seen only one specimen of 

 maculatus in England. His description applies well to the female and clearly he 

 mistook the sex of the holotype. 



Pteromalus hecato Walker. One male, designated LECTOTYPE (but probably 

 holotype), bearing a Waterhouse label. 



Pteromalus subulifer Forster. Type $ (presumably in Naturhistorisches Museum, 

 Vienna) not seen. 



De Santis (1952 : 272) synonymized Eucerchysius scolytii Brethes (1913 : 103-104) 

 with Rhaphitelus maculatus. He did not, however, observe any differences between 

 the latter species and ladenbergi, so that his synonymy will have to be rechecked. 



Widely distributed in Europe (probably the whole) ; also said to occur in the 

 U.S.A. and Argentina (but specimens from these countries not examined). 



Biology. Recorded in Europe and North America as a parasite of various 

 Scolytidae, especially species of Scolytus, Hylesinus, and Phloeotribus (see Hedqvist, 

 1963 : 96) ; also in North America, of some Curculionidae (Magdalis and Pissodes 

 spp.), see Peck, 1963. Probably most of these records are correct, though in some 

 cases the allied species R. ladenbergi may have been confused with maculatus. Russo 

 (1938) gave a very detailed account of the biology of maculatus, which he studied in 

 Italy as a parasite of Phloeotribus scarabaeoides (Bern.). Russo considered that 

 maculatus could produce 5-7 annual generations ; in northern Europe, however, 

 there are probably fewer. Imagines have been captured in the field from April to 

 October (most records for June- July). 



Rhaphitelus ladenbergi (Ratzeburg) 



Styloceras Ladenbergii Ratzeburg, 1844a : 208, <$ $. 

 Storthygocerus Ladenbergii Ratzeburg, 1848 : 208, pi. 3, fig. 11. 

 ? Pteromalus distinctus Rudow, 1866 : 268. 

 Rhaphitelus ladenbergi (Ratzeburg) Boucek, 19576 : 76-78, <$ $. 



Type material. Styloceras ladenbergi Ratzeburg. Types presumed destroyed. 

 The species had often been regarded as identical with maculatus Walker until 

 Boucek (1957& : 76) pointed out that Ratzeburg's figures of the wing and antenna 

 (1848 : pi. 3, fig. 11) indicated that ladenbergi was a distinct species. Boucek 



