428 M. W. R. de V. GRAHAM 



Biology. Parasitic chiefly on Crabronid wasps (Hym., Sphecoidea) . In Britain 

 it has been reared from Coelocrabro leucostomoid.es Rich, by Saunt (1925 : 257-258) ; 

 from Clytochrysus chrysostomus (LeP.) by Hallet (1927 : 54) ; and from Coelocrabro 

 ambiguus (Dahlb.) in a dead willow, by Callan (1936 : 128). Valkeila (1959 : 181) 

 reared brevicornis in Finland from cocoons of Ectemnius (= Clytochrysus) cavifrons 

 (Thomson) ; 16-24 larvae developed in each coccoon. An unusual host was recorded 

 by Askew (1962a : 126) who stated that specimens were reared from puparia of the 

 Stratiomyid fly Pachygaster meromelas Duf. (=orbitalis Wahlb.) found beneath bark 

 of horse-chestnut (Aesculus hippocastanum L.) at Moccas, Herefordshire, 20.V.1961 

 (P. Skidmore) ; apparently only a single chalcid emerged from each host puparium. 

 Ruschka (1923 : 201) recorded having obtained some specimens of brevicornis in a 

 rearing along with four species of Scolytid and Lymexylonid beetles, but it seems 

 likely that the parasite was not attacking them but some Hymenopteron. 



PERNIPHORA Ruschka 



Pemiphora Ruschka, 1923 : 198. Type-species : P. robusta Ruschka, by monotypy. 

 Perniphora Ruschka ; Nikol'skaya 1952 : 210. 

 Pemiphora Ruschka ; Hedqvist, 1963 : 118-121. 

 Perniphora Ruschka ; Peck et al., 1964 : 34. 



Only one European species of the genus is known ; another species has been 

 described from North America by Miller (1965 : 78-82). 



Perniphora robusta Ruschka 



(Text-fig. 287) 



Perniphora robusta Ruschka, 1923 : 198-201, <J $. 



Perniphora robusta Ruschka ; Thomsen et al., 1949 : 250-253, 324. 



Perniphora robusta Ruschka ; Hedqvist, 1963 : 118-121, o" ?• 



Type material. Types in Deutsches Entomologisches Museum, Berlin, and cotypes 

 in Forstakademie Eberswalde (coll. Ruschka) according to Ruschka (not seen by 

 the writer) . 



Britain, Sweden, Denmark, Finland, Germany, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, 

 Poland, U.S.S.R. Not previously recorded from Britain, new records : England ; 

 Hampshire, New Forest, 1 $, i.vi.1900 (D. Sharp) the specimen in Cambridge 

 University Museum ; 1 <$, 30.V.1910 (H. Donisthorpe) , specimen in Hope Dept., 

 Oxford. 



Biology. Parasite of Trypodendron domesticum L. and other species of that genus ; 

 Xyleborus spp., etc. For accounts of the biology of robusta see Thomsen et al. (1949) 

 and Hedqvist (1963 : 121). Thomsen et al. studied it as a parasite of Xyloterus 

 domesticus L. on Fagus in Denmark. They state that it oviposits in June and July 

 on the host larva. The chalcid larva lives as an ectoparasite, matures in about 

 2 weeks and hibernates in the larval state. 



Imagines June- July. 



