PTEROMALIDAE OF N.W. EUROPE 847 



Anisopteromalia crassinervis Boucek, 1954 : 57~6o, $. 

 Pachycrepoideus elongata Delucchi, 1955b : 141, ?, syn. n. 

 Pachycrepoideus vindemiae (Rondani) ; Peck, 1963 : 620-621. 



Type material. Encyrtus vindemiae Rondani. Lectotype $ in Museum " La 

 Specola ", Florence, according to Delucchi (1955b : 441) ; I have not seen it. 



Pachycrepoideus dubius Ashmead. Type $, U.S.A., Michigan, East Lancing, in 

 U.S.N.M. (not seen). The species was synonymized with vindemiae by Delucchi 

 (1955b : 139) ; it was not described by Ashmead but the name is validated by the 

 generic diagnosis in his key (1904 : 329). 



Anisopteromalia crassinervis Boucek. Holotype $, Czechoslovakia, Hradec 

 Kralove-Vekose, 7.ix.i952, in Narodni Museum, Prague (Cat. no. 3007). Boucek 

 himself later synonymized crassinervis with vindemiae (1957. : 165). 



Pachycrepoideus elongata Delucchi. Holotype $, Morocco, Rabat, 30.x. 1928 

 (J. Mimeur), in Museum d'Histoire naturelle, Geneva. Delucchi distinguished it 

 from vindemiae on the basis of its relative longer funicular segments and the more 

 strongly developed tubercle at the base of the propodeum. In a series of vindemiae 

 in BM(NH) reared from puparia of Musca sp. at Giza, Egypt, some females have the 

 antennae and propodeum as in typical vindemiae, others are intermediate in the 

 structure of these parts between vindemiae and elongata ; whilst one large specimen 

 has the funicular segments virtually as long as in the type of elongata, and has a 

 large tubercle on the propodeum. On the other hand there are females in Geneva 

 and BM(NH), reared from the same host as elongata (Ceratitis capitata Wied.), which 

 are typical vindemiae in the structure of the antennae and propodeum. I consider, 

 therefore, that the type of elongata is just an unusually large specimen of vindemiae. 



The size, form of the antennal flagellum, and the development of the propodeal 

 tubercle, vary considerably even in European females. The body-length varies 

 from 10 to 2-3 mm. In very large females the propodeal tubercle is strongly 

 developed, as in the type of elongata, in very small ones it may be virtually absent. 

 Larger females have the antennal flagellum cylindrical, usually with the proximal 

 segments of the funicle longer than broad, whilst occasionally even the last funicular 

 segment may be very slightly elongate. Very small females tend to have the 

 flagellum subclavate, a little attenuated basad, with the first funicular segment 

 sometimes very slightly transverse and the distal segments distinctly so. All 

 intermediate forms occur. 



Cosmopolitan. 



Biology. Recorded as a pupal parasite of numerous Diptera, including species 

 of Musca, Fannia and Hylemyia (Muscidae), Calliphora, Lucilia and Phormia 

 (Calliphoridae), Drosophila (Drosophilidae), Piophila (Piophilidae), Rhagoletis and 

 Ceratitis (Tephritidae=Trypetidae) (see Nostvik, 1954 : 195-204 ; Peck, 1963 : 621). 

 Nostvik (1954) gave an account of the biology of vindemiae [under the name dubius 

 Ashmead]. He noted (ibid. : 197-198) that parthenogenesis occurs ; progeny 

 resulting from unfertilized females were all males. Imagines appear in Britain 

 May-June and Aug.-September. 



