REVISIONARY CLASSIFICATION OF RUTILIINI 19 
homonym of Agalmia Enderlein, 1934) [=Gvapholostylum Macquart, 1851, by subjective 
synonymy of type-species]. 
HABROTINA Enderlein, 1936: 398 (subtribe). Type-genus: Habrota Enderlein, 1936 
[=Chrysorutiia Townsend, 1915, by junior objective synonymy]. 
Diacnosis. Facial carina well developed, usually broadly separating antennae. Antennae 
small, often falling short of mouth-margin by more than their own length; arista micropubescent 
to short-plumose. Epistome projecting at least slightly, usually very strongly and sharply, 
in front of vibrissae in profile, about as prominent as or more prominent than profrons. Vibris- 
sae often reduced. Eyes bare, head in § sometimes nearly holoptic. ¢ frons narrower than 2 
frons; proclinate orbital setae always absent in gj, weak or absent in 2. Proboscis short, not 
longer than head; mentum in profile parallel-sided or slightly tapering. Scutal chaetotaxy 
variable, often reduced. Scutellum, venter of sternopleura and mid and hind coxae often with 
stiff spiniform setae. Prosternal membrane (in Chrysorutilia anterior angles of prosternum 
also) sometimes haired. Propleuron haired (very rarely bare in isolated specimens). Barette 
usually fully haired. Infrasquamal setulae absent (except in some Chetogastey species). 
Postalar callus with 3-6 strong setae (except only two in Chetogaster). Postalar wall some- 
times haired. Presutural intra-alar setae absent, 0o—3(4) post ia setae. Suprasquamal ridge 
bare or haired. Lower calyptrae broad and abutting close to scutellum. Wing node with 
small inconspicuous setulae above and below, wings otherwise bare. Second costal sector 
bare below. Cell Rs open. Bend of vein M without appendix, very close to wing margin. 
Vein Sc meeting costa just basad of or level with ym. Wings often with large dark area over 
basal cells. Abdomen very large, broad and widest near base, posterolateral corners often very 
prominent and T5 then often with median depression; T1 + 2 excavate to hind margin. 
Abdominal chaetotaxy often spiniform. Tr + 2 without median marginal setae. T7 + 8 of 
6 hypopygium with a group of long strong setae (usually 3 or 4 standing in line) on each side. 
Medium-sized to very large flies (length 6-22 mm), often brightly coloured and metallic or with 
conspicuous patterning. 
IMMATURE STAGES AND BioLtocy. Parasitic in large soil-inhabiting white grub 
larvae of Scarabaeidae (Melolonthinae, Rutelinae, Dynastinae) and in rotten-wood 
inhabiting larvae of Lucanidae: probably also parasitizing other related Scarabaeoid 
beetles. Eggs medium macrotype, slender, elongate and slightly bowed with 
rounded ends (Townsend, 1942, plate 21, figs 146 & 147). Habit larviparous; 
uterus enlarged, capacity of many hundred first stage larvae, these active and 
deposited on soil-surface. Stage I larva slender, elongate, with long terminal hairs, 
sometimes also some marginal segmental hairs; stage II larva unknown; stage III 
larva swelling towards posterior end, segmentation distinct, cuticle (in one species 
known) with covering of short colourless stubby hairs, posterior spiracles in form of 
very large slightly separated plates either flush with posterior surface or slightly 
sunken, plates perforated by very numerous minute pores or sinuate micro-slits, 
outer rim of plates thickened, button subcentral. Puparium (of the few known 
forms) with sunken posterior spiracles and covering of micro-hairs. Adult flies 
absent from desert areas, present in scrub or forest, settling on tree-trunks, posts, or 
underside of leaves in rain forest, females resting on ground only when larvipositing; 
attracted to flowers, notably Eucalyptus. 
DisTRIBUTION. Widespread throughout, and confined to, the Oriental and 
Australasian zoogeographical regions (map, p. 163), but especially abundant in 
Australia. In Oriental Region occurring through south-east Asia from Ceylon and 
India to Philippines and Indonesia; in Australasian Region occurring in Australia 
