96 Ro Wi.) CROSSIGCE 
black abdominal spotting. As there is intergradation between the species it is not 
proposed to recognize formal species-groups. 
The species of Amp/ibolia s. str. show some variability in the development of the 
chaetotaxy. In A. ignorata the bristling is especially weak and exceptionally short 
on the head and abdomen, and the head bristling is also very weak in A. valentina 
(in both these species the frontal setae are so short and fine that the rows are not 
cruciate and scarcely meet at the tips), but in A. campbelli all the setae are long and 
strong and the chaetotaxy of this species is almost identical with that of A. stolida in 
the subgenus Pavamphibolia. In A. campbell: (and also the closely similar A. wilsont) 
the hairing as well as the chaetotaxy is more strongly developed than in other 
species, the parafacials being entirely haired (these are bare in all the species in which 
the head ground colour is either all bright yellow or all blackish). The pollinosity of 
the upper parafacials and lower parafrontals in A. campbelli has a shifting appearance 
according to the direction of the light which is unusual in Rutiliini, but recalls a 
rather similar condition found on the head of Chrysopasta elegans, and it is possible 
that the monotypic genus Chrysopasta has closer affinity with Amp/bolia than with 
any other genus of Rutiliines. 
An astonishing convergent resemblance exists between the black-and-white boldly 
patterned Amphibolia s.str. species and some other Calyptrate flies with similar 
patterning. Inthe subgenus Euampiibolia Townsend (q.v.), a segregate of Formosia 
s.l., and in the Ameniine Calliphorid genus Formosiomima Enderlein (see Crosskey, 
1965), the thorax and abdomen has a black-and-white pattern formed in exactly 
the same way as in Amphibolia. In all of these flies the thoracic dorsum is black 
with thickly pollinose white marks in pairs on (1) the notopleural to humeral area, 
(2) the prescutum, (3) the supra-alar area, and (4) on the scutum submedially (these 
last sometimes evanescent), to which basic pattern there may be superimposed 
additional white-pollinose marks (usually in the form of one or two longitudinal 
vittae between the paired prescutal sublateral marks). The abdominal patterns 
are less constant throughout the range of species, though constant within a species, 
but the nature of the pattern is the same—being formed of areas of extensive thick 
overlay of white pollinosity contrasting with areas of black ground colour devoid of 
such pollinosity. In all three taxa of these apparent mimics, Amphibolia, Euamphi- 
bolia and Formosiomima, part of the abdomen appears black-spotted, each black 
spot in reality being an island (or a confluent pair of islands) not covered by the 
white-pollinose overlay. Some specimens of all three taxa also have a suggestion of 
greenish or violaceous tinge showing through the pale pollinose areas (an interference 
effect of the pollinosity overlying the blackish ground colour). 
Paramonov (1968 : 357) states that Amp/ibolia species are parasitic on larval 
cockchafers. This is most probably correct, though Paramonov’s evidence came 
only from a specimen of A. valentina in the CSIRO collection, Canberra, that was 
collected in Victoria and bears a label reading ‘larvae of these flies parasitic on 
cockchafer grubs’. 
INCLUDED SPECIES 
Amphibolia (Amphibolia) albocincta (Malloch). AusTRALIA (Australian 
