272 
Cc. M. F. von HAYEK 
Candéze was not consistent in the way in which he labelled his specimens. 
In most cases he seems to have placed his determination label on the first 
specimen of a series. Many Candéze specimens in the BMNH bear large 
paper labels with coloured borders (blue = Africa, yellow = Asia, red = 
Australia, etc.) with the generic and specific names together with those of 
the author and collector written in his normal handwriting. On other 
occasions he used a small scrap of paper on which he wrote only the specific 
name. A large number of specimens in the IRSNB, Brussels, bear large 
stiff card labels with coloured borders. One of these is illustrated in Horn, 
1936: p. 21, fig. 22. The handwriting, a form of printing, differs from that 
on the BMNH labels. I believe that these labels may have originally been 
pinned in the boxes above or below the species rather than attached to the 
specimens themselves. Candéze sometimes wrote the word ‘type’ on his 
determination labels, but he does not appear to have done so for every species 
he described. 
It is unfortunate that when Janson acquired part of the Candéze collection 
he considered it necessary to replace Candéze’s determination labels with his 
own. Sometimes Candéze’s labels have been trimmed and stuck to the 
underside of the new labels, but more often they seem to have been removed. 
Fleutiaux (1945) published a detailed account of the history of the Candéze 
collection. 
Cantor, Dr Theodore Edward (1809-1860). Dr Cantor of the Bengal Medical 
Service accompanied the military expedition to Chusan [Chushan, China] 
with instructions to collect objects of Natural History for the Court of Directors 
of the East-India Company (Cantor, 1842 : 368). The expedition travelled by 
way of Penang, Singapore and the island of Lantao in the Canton River, 
where it remained for the whole of the month of June, 1840. The occupation 
of Chusan lasted from July 1840 to March 1841. A collection of insects made 
in Chusan was presented to the East-India Company in 1842 (Cantor, 1842 : 278 
and Horsfield and Moore, 1857: 2) and a duplicate series was sent to the 
Entomological Society of London (Cantor, 1842 : 278). 
The BMNH acquired part of the East-India Company’s collection when it 
was broken up in 1860. The BMNH also acquired the type-material belonging 
to the Entomological Society before its collections were sold by auction 
between 1859 and 1863. 
Hope (1843) described a number of species from Chusan and Canton collected 
by Cantor but does not record whether the specimens belong to the East-India 
Company, the Entomological Society or whether he had acquired them himself. 
Hope seems to have had some of Cantor’s material in his possession as two 
specimens believed to be the types of two species (Melolontha chinensis and 
Anomala controversa) described by Hope in 1843 are in the UM, Oxford 
However Candéze’s comments (1859 : 235, 405 and 1863: 242) that he saw 
the types of Ludius luteipes, crocopus and quadrilineatus Hope, 1843 in the 
Indian Museum and Crotch’s (1873 : 41) remark that he inspected the types 
? 
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