BIRD NOTES FROM BBEMBANA VALLEY. 11 



(Anthns trivialis, v. Guina), Meadow-Pipit {A. pratensis, v. 

 Sguisseta), and Water-Pipit (A. spinoletta, v. Sgussetu) are 

 common, and breeding to 6000 ft., and I found them breeding at 

 the Gemelli Lakes and on Mount Farno (7 626 ft.). The Tawny 

 Pipit {A. campestris) was found breeding at the top of Mount 

 Pojeto (4144 ft.), but the eggs were too far hatched. Kichard's 

 Pipit (A. richardi) is exceedingly rare. Probably the Red- 

 throated Pipit (A. cervinus) is confounded with A. pratensis ; I 

 have a specimen in my collection from Zogno, with the date 

 May 25th, 1898. Amongst the Larks, I may mention the Sky- 

 Lark {Alauda arvensis, v. Lodola, Calandiu), common to 

 3000 ft., and the Wood-Lark {A. arhorea, v. Lodoli), the Crested- 

 Lark {Galerita cristata, v. L. dal caposs) ; they breed and are 

 abundant. The Shore-Lark {Otocorys alpestris) is of an irre- 

 gular appearance. The Lapland Bunting (Plectrophanes lappo- 

 nicus) is rare, and also of irregular appearance during frozen 

 weather; while the Snow-Bunting {Plectrophenax nivalis) is not 

 very rare, but is of irregular occurrence, especially in January, 

 on the Cancerbero and other high mountains ; it is called 

 Passera bianca or Ortola d-la nif, and its rarity depends on the 

 years and on the cold. The Corn-Bunting {Miliaria projer), 

 Yellow-Hammer {Emberiza citrinella, v. Pajarana), Cirl-Bunting 

 {E. cirlus), Meadow-Bunting {E. cia), and Ortolan- Bunting 

 (E. hortulana, v. Ortola) are very common, and breeding ; the 

 first three are also resident. The Rustic and the Little Bunting 

 (£J. rustica and E. pusilla) are rare. The Reed-Bunting is 

 common, and less so the Large-billed Bunting, though only as 

 birds of passage. Amongst the Fringillince, the Italian Sparrow 

 (Passer italics, v. Passer gross, Passaru), and the Tree-Sparrow 

 P. montanus, v. Passera biiserola) are common, but not above 

 about 4600 ft., where they are replaced by the Alpine Accentors, 

 found on the roofs of huts. The Rock-Sparrow (P. petronia, 

 Passera d' montagna) is fairly abundant. Regarding the Snow- 

 Finch {Montifringilla nivalis), the information is not satisfactory. 

 People say it is a straggler, and of irregular passage in winter ; 

 but I do not think so. I believe these birds are resident at about 

 6000 ft. in height, and that during the cold weather they descend 

 lower. I obtained some from Foppolo in the winter of 1888, for 

 which I am indebted to Count Roncalli, from Bergamo. After- 



