NOTES AND QUERIES. 319 



Oligocene Beds. From the latter horizon the mandible of an animal 

 closely allied to Mastodon was obtained.* In this two premolars and 

 three molars are in place simultaneously, and none of the teeth have 

 more than three transverse ridges. From the Upper Eocene came 

 portions of the skeleton of a heavily built animal, the teeth of which 

 somewhat resemble those of Dinotherium, but there are three pre- 

 molars and three molars in both upper and lower jaws, and all the 

 molar teeth are bilophodont except the last lower molar, which has a 

 well-developed talon. The mandible is provided with a pair of pro- 

 cumbent tusks. The especial interest of these new forms is that 

 hitherto no Proboscidea earlier than the Miocene were known. At the 

 beginning of that period Mastodon and Dinotherium appeared in 

 Europe, the region from which they were derived being uncertain. It 

 now appears that they must have originated in the Ethiopian region, 

 the tertiary vertebrate fauna of which has up till now been almost 

 unknown. Numerous remains of Sireniaus, Zeuglodonts, and various 

 reptiles and fishes were also collected. — C. W. Andrews (Geological 

 Department, British Museum). 



* This I am describing elsewhere in greater detail under the name 

 Palceomastodon headnelli. The Dinotherium-like animal mentioned below 

 has been designated Bradytherium grave. 



