324 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



the rods of a crab-pot, enter the opening, descend within, mount 

 again to the situation of the bait, and select the particular one 

 that pleases it best."* The homing habits of the Common 

 Limpet {Patella vulgata) have been ascribed to the possession of 

 a " locality sense." t 



Nearly all writers and investigators have felt the difficulty 

 in properly describing the sensory impressions of animal life. 

 According to Prince Kropotkin : — *' We must be prepared to 

 find that the usual division of senses into touch, taste, smell, 

 vision, and hearing will not do for the whole series. The senses 

 must be rather divided into a mechanical, chemical, temperature, 

 and light sense, to which the electrical sense will perhaps have 

 to be added. Such a division undoubtedly better answers to the 

 senses which exist in the lower animals, and when the series is 

 considered in an ascending order, the gradual differentiation of 

 the chemical sense into taste and smell, and of the mechanical 

 sense into touch, hearing, and pressure sense, becomes evident."! 

 Brehm states that careful observations on the habits of Mosquitos 

 " places it beyond doubt that in the discovery of their victim 

 they are guided less by sight than by smell, or perhaps, more 

 correctly, by a sense which unites smell and tactile sensitive- 

 ness ;§ while Mr. J. A. Thomson, in an editorial note, remarks: 

 *' The somewhat mysterious reference which Brehm makes to a 

 sense between smell and touch is thoroughly justifiable. To the 

 senses of many of the lower animals — and even of fishes — it is 

 exceedingly difficult to apply our fairly definite human con- 

 ceptions of smell, taste, touch, &c."|| The restlessness or alarm 

 shown by birds or other animals before the occurrence of an 

 earthquake sensible to man is well known, and is probably due 

 to the very small tremors which precede the larger vibrations.^ 

 Dr. Alexander Hill has recently sympathetically approached 

 this subject, and we give one extract in his own words : — " If we 

 try to figure to ourselves the mental activities of any animal, we 



'■= 'Illustrations of Instinct,' p. 12. 



f Cf. Lloyd Morgan and J. R. A. Davis, ' Nature,' Dec. 6th, 1894, and 

 March 28th, 1895. 



I 'Nineteenth Century,' vol. xl. p. 252. 

 § ' From North Pole to Equator,' p. 84. 



II Ibid. p. 568. 



H Cf. ' Nature,' vol. Hv. p. 424. 



