NOTICES OF NEW BOOKS. 75 



the nature and form of the parts of the body of an animal — 

 which have given rise to its habits and its special faculties ; but 

 it is, on the contrary, its habits, its manner of life, and the 

 circumstances in which are placed the individuals from which 

 it originates, which have, with time, brought about the form of 

 its body, the number and condition of its organs, finally, the 

 faculties which it enjoys." This, to very many, will probably 

 prove a hard saying, but it is one which must be mastered with 

 the context of Lamarck's other views, before assent or dissent 

 can with scientific propriety be asserted. 



Lamarck was at least a natural philosopher far before his time, 

 with the accidents of wealth, leisure, and powerful support absent 

 from his career, which was pursued among many carping cares — 

 an evolutionary Milton, with the last ten years of his life passed 

 in darkness. Dr. Packard has now written the book which was 

 wanted, and will for long remain the only biography of Lamarck, 

 and the best defence of Lamarckism. We will conclude with the 

 words of the author : " We are all of us evolutionists, though we 

 may differ as to the nature of the efficient causes." And may 

 we not add that Lamarck preceded Darwin, as Erasmus did 

 Luther ? 



Regeneration. By Thos. Hunt Morgan, Ph.D. New York : 

 The Macmillan Company. 



We trust that this title will occasion no misconception ; it 

 has nothing to do with theology. The warning is not altogether 

 absurd, as some years ago a certain novel entitled ' Birds of 

 Prey ' was gravely recorded in Germany among the ornitho- 

 logical publications of the year. Regeneration is here referred 

 to as a biological phenomenon common to many animals, but of 

 which the Salamander affords a sufficient example. " Sala- 

 manders also regenerate a new tail, producing even new 

 vertebrae. If a leg is cut off it is regenerated ; if all four legs 

 are cut off, either at the same time or in succession, they are 

 renewed. If the leg is cut off near the body, an imperfectly 

 regenerated part is formed." Dr. Morgan also includes plants 

 as regenerate organisms, on the contention that the principal 

 difference " is the development of the new part near the end, 



