PREHISTORIC MAN IN BURMA. 325 



and instead we occupied ourselves in collecting Tertiary mam- 

 malian remains from the neighbourhood. Among these, how- 

 ever, we obtained an upper premolar of a small species of 

 Rhinoceros, which will be mentioned hereafter in connection 

 with the worn femur of Hippopotamus found by Dr. Noetling. 

 At Christmas, 1901, Col. Nichols and I made a second visit to 

 Yenangyoung for the purpose of searching for the flints, but 

 since our first visit we had, through the kindness of Mr. T. D. 

 LaTouche, of the Geological Survey of India, and in the absence 

 on leave of Dr. Noetling in Europe, obtained a tracing of a 

 portion of the iatter's original map of the Yenangyoung oil-field, 

 showing No. 49.* We had also, during the year 1901, made a 

 collection of Tertiary mammalian remains from a long strip of 

 sandstone almost opposite Mandalay, the locality having been 

 accidentally discovered by means of a stray bone which I picked 

 up on the river-bank at Mandalay Shore, and which we were able 

 to trace as having been brought across the river, together with 

 some large stones used for strengthening the Bund. The sand- 

 stone in which these remains were found appears to be a derived 

 bed, and to contain remains of animals ranging from Pliocene, or 

 earlier, to Post-Tertiary times. Out of several hundred speci- 

 mens, some merely fragmentary, and others distinct and well 

 preserved, which we have carefully examined, not one bears any 

 trace of having been manipulated by man, and though this is 

 only negative evidence, which may be upset any day by the dis- 

 covery of a specimen exhibiting cuts or deliberate scratchings, it 

 is entitled to some weight, especially having regard to the fact 

 that the flint chips at Yenangyoung, as will be seen hereafter, 

 are to be found in considerable numbers. If these are but 

 the survivors of the changes and chances of this world since 

 Pliocene times in this one locality, they would indicate a large 

 population in Burma at this period overrunning the country, and 

 living on the flesh of wild animals. 



We spent four days at Yenangyoung, and so difficult and 

 confusing is the country, that even with our previous knowledge 



* The map published in the ' Memoirs ' of the Geological Survey of India, 

 vol. xxvii. part 2, on " The Occurrence of Petroleum in Burma, and its 

 Technical Exploitation (Noetling)," is reduced from the original, and No, 42 

 is not marked on it. 



