362 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



popular than ever ; whilst the recent publication of various 

 excellent works illustrated with photographs of living creatures 

 under natural conditions will tend greatly to increase the number 

 of those who take greater pleasure in watching the habits of 

 living mammal and bird, reptile and fish, than in examining 

 mere museum specimens of the same animals. 



The various splendid zoological gardens of Europe have for 

 many years contained a considerable amount of material for 

 study ; yet such material seems after all to have hardly received 

 the attention that it has deserved. These institutions should 

 not be regarded merely as resorts for crowds of curious sight- 

 seers, but rather as extensive and very valuable biological 

 laboratories where the fascinating science of zoology may be 

 studied by means of note-book and camera rather than by the 

 academic aid of microscope and scalpel. If fed on suitable 

 food, and allotted abundant room for exercise, captive animals 

 will afford much instruction to any naturalist who will study 

 them systematically ; and, although results may be somewhat 

 vitiated by the absence of the proper surroundings of the species 

 under observation, at any rate this method is extremely con- 

 venient for the naturalist himself, especially if he have no leisure 

 for foreign travel. It is hoped that the following notes I have 

 made on various inmates of continental menageries during the last 

 four years will not only be interesting, but also contain much 

 that is new. The animals now to be considered are as follows : — 



Carnivora. 

 Canis jubatus (Maned Wolf). — An example of this very rare 

 beast has been living for several years in the Amsterdam 

 Zoological Gardens, its long ears and spidery legs constituting 

 it one of the most striking exhibits in the menagerie. In 

 walking the Maned Wolf carries its head almost on a level with 

 its shoulders, and much lower than would have been supposed 

 from an examination of museum specimens, which are probably 

 mounted by taxidermists unfamiliar with the appearance of the 

 living animal. The gait of the Maned Wolf is not at all 

 clumsy, but quite the reverse, in spite of the long legs, the 

 animal stalking about its cage like a shadow, and moving with 

 considerable gracefulness ; on account, however, of the great 



