ZOOLOGICAL GARDENS OF WESTERN EUROPE. 363 



elongation of the fore leg below the knee the front part of the 

 animal seems to be supported on stilts. When standing still 

 the Maned Wolf draws its head well up, and then presents a 

 very striking appearance. 



Ungulata. 



Taurotragus oryx (Eland). — Ever since Lord Derby obtained 

 his specimens of this fine Antelope for the Knowsley menagerie 

 in 1842, Eland have been more or less familar even to untravelled 

 people, and most zoological gardens have from time to time 

 possessed a pair or more of them. The Striped or Livingstone's 

 Eland is still to be obtained, but the rapidly increasing rarity of 

 the old unstriped form of the Cape lends a melancholy interest 

 to the contemplation of the few examples now in captivity. I 

 remember spending some time, in the late summer of 1900, in 

 studying the herd of Unstriped Eland then still surviving at the 

 Jardin d'Acclimatation in Paris. It was not encouraging as regards 

 the perpetuation of the race to observe that in the herd of five 

 there were three animals whose bent or otherwise malformed 

 horns indicated but too surely the need for the fresh blood so 

 difficult to obtain. Unstriped Eland tend to darken with age, 

 and bulls may become quite black along the spine. Young bulls 

 sometimes grow horns having an antero-posterior curvature, 

 plainly evident when seen from the side, the concavity of the 

 curve being anterior. One young adult I saw recently in a con- 

 tinental collection had the horns somewhat unequal, and curiously 

 bent outwards at the tips, as if indicating an approach to the 

 open spiral horns of the Kudu, or the still more open spiral of 

 the Addax. 



Wild Eland are stated to smear their foreheads with their 

 own urine. I recollect observing a fine bull of this species busily 

 rubbing his frontal mat of hair upon a moist place in the pad- 

 dock where he was confined, and energetically raking up the mud 

 with his horns. Scarcely had he desisted than his offspring — a 

 youngster only a few weeks old — came up, and imitated his 

 example. Perhaps both were instinctively following some trans- 

 mitted ancestral impulse, but, as both had been born in Europe, 

 the reason for the act was not very obvious. 



Addax nasomaculatus (Addax). (Plate II.) — This interesting 



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