324 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



pouches found in G. ellioti, and which is to be mentioned later, 

 for the general variability of outline, height of parietal crest, and 

 of scaling in G. ellioti and C. bitceniatus. Of the three species, 

 C. hoehneli is the most easily distinguished on account of the 

 tubercular nasal protuberance ; for this reason therefore it is 

 difficult to understand why Werner should regard it as only a 

 variety of G. bitceniatus. 



It is worthy of mention here that the Museum collection con- 

 tains one female specimen of an apparently intermediate form 

 between G. bitceniatus andC. hoehneli: no rostral appendage, scales 

 tubercular, gular fringe more pronounced than in G. bitceniatus, 

 the general form more stumpy than in C. hoehneli ; it is at present 

 classed as G. bitceniatus, but it is likely to prove a new species. 



The third group contains most of the species possessing a 

 rostral appendage, fully developed generally in the male, only 

 rarely in the female, in which they are more often represented 

 by incipient protuberances. This condition of things is appa- 

 rently an interesting parallel to the history of the evolution of 

 horned mammals. 



In the first edition of the ' Descent of Man,'* Darwin stated 

 " as probable that horns of all kinds, even when they are equally 

 developed in the two sexes, were primarily acquired by the male 

 in order to conquer other males, and have been transferred more 

 or less completely to the female " ; the subsequent palseontological 

 evidence has tended to confirm this. 



Dr. Forsyth Major! has pointed out how the oldest members 

 of the Deer family from the Oligocene were absolutely devoid of 

 antlers, while later, not only did the males possess them, but 

 instances are on record of their occurrence in females, although 

 up to the present day the great majority of females of the Cervidce 

 are, as a rule, devoid of antlers. The two recent species of 

 Giraffe develop horns in both sexes, but in their Tertiary ances- 

 tors, the Samotheriums, the females were only beginning to 

 develop horns, which primarily were male sexual characters. In 

 the Bovince no instance of the occurrence of hornless females in 

 recent wild bovine animals is known. It is clear that this is only 



* Charles Darwin, ' The Descent of Man and Selection in Relation to 

 Sex,' 1871, vol. ii. p. 248. 



| Geol. Mag. decade iv. vol. viii. No. 444, p. 241, June, 1901. 



