EAST AFRICAN CHAMELEONS. 325 



a recent acquisition, for Dr. Major has described a female horn- 

 less skull of Bos etruscus from the Pliocene. 



To the evolutionist these facts are full of significance, as 

 showing evident progress in the last chapter of the earth's history 

 and transformation, and progression of the whole species. The 

 Chamcsleontidce show several stages in this advancement. In 

 C. melleri the transference has been completed, the female pos- 

 sessing the development in as perfect a degree as the male. It 

 has been only partly performed in G. ocenorhinus, the female 

 possessing only two incipient protuberances; while in G.fischeri 

 the horns are not apparent at all in some females, whilst they are 

 present in others. 



The form of the rostral appendage varies in its formation 

 both as regards shape and composition. 



C.jacksoni. — Male with three long conical processes, with an 

 outer segmented horny sheath directed forward and curved up- 

 wards; these processes represented in the female by small conical 

 scales. 



G. johnstoni. — Male with three rostral appendages, not so long 

 as C. jacksoni ; represented in female by conical scales. 



C. zenorhinus. — Adult male with two long parallel compressed 

 rostral processes covered with flat scales ; represented in female 

 by two small rostral protuberances. 



C. fischeri. — Adult male with two long compressed rostral 

 processes covered with tubercular scales, slightly diverging ; not 

 represented, as a rule, in female. It is a curious fact that they 

 are present in some females. 



C. tavetensis. — Two scaly rostral processes slightly diverging, 

 and each with a double row of strong serrations dorsally. 



C. melleri. — The dorsal surface of the snout extended into a 

 compressed scaly appendage, continued into a horny pointed 

 process in both male and female. 



C. spinosus. — A compressed soft rounded dermal lobe covered 

 with small pointed tubercles. 



The fourth group comprises the limited genus Rhampholeon, 

 distinguished from the Chameleons proper by the spinose scales 

 on the soles of the feet and bicuspid claws. It is with this group 

 that we can introduce the subject of the pits or pockets. The 

 fact of the occurrence of axillary pits in the Chamceleontidce was 



