CHINESE DREPANINAE 5 



Chinese collection. My thanks are also to his widow whose many kindnesses during 

 my work on the collection at Bonn are not forgotten. 



The photographic work was done in the Photographic Section of the British 

 Museum (Natural History) under the supervision of Mr. M. G. Sawyers. 



Text-figures i, 5, 9, 12, 18, 19, 20, 27, 57, 61, 108, 114, 128, 132, 133, 138, 143, 

 149, 153, and 158 were drawn by Mr. Arthur Smith. The remaining drawings, 

 except for text-figures 89-96, 101-104, 165-182, 203-218, 251-274 and 291-293, 

 which were drawn by the author, were prepared by Mrs. J. E. Saunders. 



The term ' comb, rev.' is used to denote a change in the combination of a specific 

 or subspecific name and a generic name which restores a previously published 

 combination ; ' comb, n.' is used in the usual way to denote a new combination ; 

 sp. rev.' and ' ssp. rev.' are used to denote, respectively, species and subspecies 

 names which have been removed from synonymy. BM(NH) is an abbreviation of 

 British Museum (Natural History). Names of other institutions have been short- 

 ened, not abbreviated in the strict sense, the full titles being given above. Biblio- 

 graphical references in the text are given mainly in a shortened form, the full refer- 

 ence appearing at the end of the paper. 



The form of the descriptions is similar to that in Watson (1965 : 7) except that 

 the fore wing measurements are given in the following sequence : range of measure- 

 ments in the material examined from apex to centre of mesoscutum, followed, in 

 parentheses, by the number of specimens measured. Some of the more unusual 

 morphological characters merit comment here. For example, in Cilix, Sc + Ri 

 (vein 8) anastomoses with the base of the cell a short distance after it arises from the 

 base of the hind wing, in contrast with most other Drepanidae in which Sc -\- Ri 

 anastomoses with or approximates to Rs for a short distance distal to the end of the 

 cell. The only other exceptions found so far are Phalacropsis carnosa Swinhoe, 

 Phalacra edentata Hampson, Phalacra kerara Swinhoe and Phalacra tenera Swinhoe 

 (see Gaede 1931, for references to original descriptions), all of which are Oriental 

 species that have not been recorded from China. Also unusual in the Drepaninae 

 is the presence in the males of Pseudalbara of a vestigial frenulum, which is present 

 as a short costal process concealed by scales. All other Drepaninae have a reason- 

 ably well-developed frenulum in the male, as in the Madagascan Nidarinae, but in 

 contrast with the Oretinae, the males and females of which lack a frenulum. 

 Modification of the seventh as well as the eighth abdominal sternum in the male is 

 present in the abdomen of Paralbara, Albara, Betalbara, Agnidra, Thymistida, 

 Nordstroemia, Didymana and Strepsigonia. The seventh sternite may be sym- 

 metrical or asymmetrical bilaterally. In Strepsigonia two separate medial sclerites 

 seem to have been derived from the seventh abdominal sternum ; both sclerites 

 are bilaterally asymmetric. The medial eighth abdominal sternite is usually 

 bilaterally symmetric, but can be asymmetric as in Paralbara. Lateral sacs are 

 found associated with the pleural region of the eighth segment in some species of 

 Betalbara and Agnidra, and in one species of Nordstroemia. In some species of 

 Betalbara and Agnidra separate lateral sclerites are placed on either side of the 

 normal medial eighth sternite. 



