OF PSEUDOCOCCIDAE & ERIOCOCCIDAE 15 



the fleshy setae are also present. The head setae are generally arranged in the 

 following groups : 



(1) The dorsal head setae (dhs) : These occur anterior to the postoccipital ridge. 



(2) Thegenal setae (gs), are present dorso-laterally on the genae ; sometimes there 

 are 3 setae or less (e.g. P. citri), 7 or more (Pseudoccus group), or they occur in 

 intermediate numbers (T. newsteadi). 



(3) The setae of the ocular sclerites (ocse) : These are present in the Psendococcus 

 group only, and occur in two conditions relative to their topography : (a) the 

 dorsal ocular setae (dos) occurring on the dorsal part of the ocular sclerites, were 

 found only in one species, D. alazon ; and (b) the ventral ocular setae (vos), which 

 occur on the ventral part of the ocular sclerites. 



(4) The ventral head setae (vhs) are arranged in 3 distinct groups : (a) a group 

 along the longitudinal median line between the ventral eyes ; these setae may be 

 always present (Planococcus, Pseudococcus and Saccharicoccus groups), present or 

 absent (Nairobia group), or entirely absent (Oclococcus and Ceroputo groups) ; (b) 

 a group forming a transverse band across the area of the ventral preocular depression, 

 just anterior to the ventral eyes ; (c) a group of usually a few setae, arranged in a 

 single line on each side of the ventral arm of the midcranial ridge. 



One to three dorsal head pores (dhp) are usually present on each side of the mid- 

 cranial ridge, near the base of the antennae (A and B in the figures), but in some 

 species (P. dioscoreae and S. sacchari) 4 or more pores are present. In Ceroputo 

 group, however, there is a ventral pore (vhp) occurring at least on one side of the 

 head, and the dorsal pore may be absent (C. pilosellae, Text-fig. 33B), or also present 

 (C. insolitus, Text-fig. 35B) ; in some other species (F. virgata) the head pores are 

 absent altogether. 



Antennae 



The scape is inserted laterally at the anterior apex of the head and articulates 

 with the antennal process of the preocular ridge ; the lateral arms of the midcranial 

 ridge, when well developed, also extend towards the base of the scape but with 

 which no articulation takes place. The antennae are typical filiform, normally 

 10-segmented, and vary considerably in length within the family ; in Octococcus 

 and Ceroputo groups they are comparatively long (the body usually less than i-6 

 times longer) ; in Pseudococcus and many species of Planococcus groups they are 

 rather short (the body 1-6-2 -5 times longer) ; in Nairobia and some species of 

 Planococcus groups (Nipaecoccus spp.) the antennae are intermediate in length ; 

 in Saccharicoccus group they are very short (the body more than 2-5 times longer). 

 The flagellar segments of the pseudococcid males are cylindrical and usually con- 

 spicuously longer than wide. 



The scape (scp) is the shortest and the widest (at the base) of the antennal segments. 

 It becomes narrower distally, with the dorsal margin usually longer than the ventral ; 

 the basal part is sclerotized and laterally articulates with the articular process of 

 the preocular ridge. Distally, the scape articulates with the pedicel by means of a 



