16 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



process, into which the ventral sclerotization is produced. Usually 4 hair-like setae 

 are present on the scape, but in Pseudococcus, Saccharicoccus and some species of 

 Planococcus groups (e.g. P. citri), the scape carries more than 4 setae ; there are 

 no other types of setae on the scape. 



The pedicel (pdc) is narrow at the base and widest near the distal end, thus having 

 a club-shaped appearance. At the base, the pedicel is ventrally supported by a 

 ridge, which provides a minute process articulating with the scape. At the distal 

 end of the pedicel, a narrow area of polygonal reticulation is present, where a small 

 circular plate, presumably a sensillum placodeum (spl), is dorsally borne. The 

 pedicel carries fleshy and hair-like setae. 



The flagellum includes the intermediate (III to IX) and the terminal segments. 

 The surface of these segments is somewhat irregular, and they are usually well 

 separated, although partial fusion between two or more adjacent segments is 

 frequent in some species (e.g. P. ireneus). Segment III is club-shaped, with a short 

 constricted peduncle inserted into the pedicel ; this segment is usually the longest ; 

 at least subequal in length to the terminal segment (Saccharicoccus, Nairobia and 

 some species of Planococcus groups), or often up to i| times longer (Pseudococcus, 

 Octococcus and other species of Planococcus groups), or even more (Ceroputo group). 

 The width of the 3rd segment in relation to its length is also variable ; sometimes 

 the length is 2-3-3 times the width (Saccharicoccus and many species of Planococcus 

 groups, e.g. P. ireneus and N. vastator), 3-3-5-3 times (Pseudococcus, Octococcus, 

 Nairobia and other species of Planococcus groups), or more than 5-3 times (Ceroputo 

 group). Segments IV to X are relatively long in comparison to their width ; the 

 terminal segment elongate, with a constricted, rounded or pointed apex. 



Antenna! setae : The following types of setae occur on the antennal segments : 



(a) The fleshy setae (is), usually present on segments II to X and represent the 

 majority of the antennal setae, but sometimes the fleshy setae are entirely absent 



(C. pilosellae). 



(b) The hair-like setae (hs) , which always occur at least on the first three antennal 

 segments. 



(c) The subapical sensory setae (set. scla) are apically knobbed and occur on the 

 terminal segment only, but sometimes are absent altogether (Ceroputo group). 



(d) The capitate sensory setae (set. ca) : This group includes setae similar to the 

 latter type but present on the antennal segments III to X ; these setae were found 

 in Octococcus and Nairobia groups only. 



(e) The antennal bristles (ab) are the stoutest bristle-like setae, usually longer 

 than the fleshy setae and present on the last three terminal segments ; segments 

 VIII and IX always with one ventral bristle, at about half the length of these 

 segments. The terminal segment (Xth) with at least 3 such preapical bristles, 

 one dorsal and one on each side ; in Ceroputo and some species of Planococcus 

 groups (N. vastator), two additional and conspicuously smaller bristles are also 

 present latero-ventrally, at a greater distance from the apex of the segment. 



