OF PSEUDOCOCCIDAE & ERIOCOCCIDAE 25 



medially and partly overlapped by the membrane of abdominal segment VIII, 

 forming there a pair of small internal projections (pr) (Giliomee, 1961) ; in Nairobia 

 group, the basal ridges of the penial sheath are medially continuous and their 

 projections are absent. Ventrally, at a short distance behind the basal ridges, the 

 penial sheath is longitudinally slit open to allow the protrusion of the aedeagus 

 during copulation ; the edges of this slit are sometimes each produced into well 

 pronounced and heavily sclerotized processes (pro) (e.g. S. sacchari, Text-figs. 27 

 & 28), or the processes are vestigal (e.g. M. hirsutus, Text-figs. 15 & 16), or entirely 

 absent (e.g. P. citriculus, Text-figs. 23 & 24). The term " process " was introduced 

 by Giliomee (1961) for the so-called " opophysis of the genital valve " used by 

 Berlese (1893), " paramere-like projections " by Makel (1942) and " lobular exten- 

 sions " by Theron (1958). 



The aedeagus (aed) is connected to the ventral wall of the penial sheath, immedi- 

 ately behind the basal ridges, and supported there by a heavily sclerotized basal 

 rod (bra). Dorsally, the aedeagus usually forms a curved tube, almost entirely 

 concealed in the cavity of segment IX when at rest ; in a few species (M. hirsutus, 

 Text-figs. 15 & 16 and P. citriculus, Text-figs. 23 & 24) the aedeagus is comparatively 

 long and strongly curved anteriorly, reaching the cavity of segment VII. The 

 ductus ejaculatorius enters the aedeagus through the internal genital aperture (iga) 

 and runs posteriorly towards the gonopore at the apex of the penis (Giliomee, 1961). 



The dermal structures 



The setae of the genital segment (gts) are small and hair-like ; dorsally, 3 setae 

 are usually present on each side of the median line, near the base of the style, but 

 sometimes more than 3 are present, e.g. C. insolitus (Text-figs. 35 & 36). Ventrally, 

 a varying number of setae occur on each side of the penial sheath. Few minute 

 setal sensilla (pros) may be found on the process of the penial sheath (or its position 

 if absent). Similar minute sensilla (sts) may also occur dorsally on the style 

 (N. bifrons, Text-figs. 37 & 38). 



APTEROUS MALES 



The only available wingless male form was that of S. sacchari (Text-figs. 29 & 30) ; 

 these are slightly smaller than their winged counterparts. As a result of the 

 complete absence of their wings and hamulohalterae, the sclerite and ridge degenera- 

 tion is more pronounced, particularly in the mesothoracic region. The differences 

 in body structures as compared with the winged males, are as follows : 



Head 



The separation of the head from the thorax by a neck region is hardly indicated. 

 The midcranial ridge with its dorsal, lateral and ventral arms is entirely absent. 

 The ocular ridges (preocular, interocular and postocular) are weakly developed and 

 reduced to variable degrees. The dorsal and the ventral simple eyes are completely 

 missing and the antennae are 8-segmented and comparatively short. 



