54 



MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



Apterous Males 



This comparison between the apterous males of Pseudoccidae and Eriococcidae 

 must be regarded as very provisional since it is based only on one representative of 

 each family (S. sacchari and P. fraxini). They appear to indicate that some of 

 the characters separating the macropterous males of the two families also differen- 

 tiate the apterous forms ; these are the characters related to the conditions of the 

 trochanter, claw, ungual digitules, penial sheath and aedeagus. The other 

 characters separating the wingless males are given in the following table : 



Characters 



(i) Appearance in dorso- 

 ventral view : 



(2) Sclerite degeneration : 



(3) Disc pores : 



(4) Length of body /length 

 of hind legs : 



(5) Length/width of hind 

 femur : 



(6) Length of tibia/length 

 of tarsus : 



(7) Ostioles : 



(8) Pleural setae of 

 abdominal segments 

 VI, VII and VIII : 



(9) Glandular pouches of 

 segment VIII : 



Pseudococcidae 

 Oblong. 



Comparatively less pronounced. 

 Present. 



Body less than 2-5 times as long. 



Length more than 35 times 

 as width. 



Tibia more than 1-5 times the 

 length of tarsus. 



Present. 



Include one comparatively 

 long seta (more than twice as 

 long as other abdominal setae). 



Present. 



Eriococcidae 

 Spindle-shaped . 



Well pronounced. 

 Absent. 



Body more than 2-8 times as 

 long. 



Length twice the width, or 

 less. 



Tibia less than 1-5 times the 

 length of tarsus. 



Absent. 



Pleural and other abdominal 

 setae subequal in length. 



Absent. 



The differences between the two families will be compared with the differences 

 separating other families of Coccoidea later (p. 74). 



(B) Taxonomic Significance of the Characters 



The taxonomically important characters of both Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae 

 (winged forms) are here discussed together, but the limited number of the available 

 species of Eriococcidae make the significance and levels on which these characters 

 may operate within this family more tentative than those of Pseudococcidae. 

 These characters are also listed in tables III, V and VI (pp. 58, 69, 72). 



General appearance 



Although the appearance of the males does not seem to be strictly characteristic 

 at any level, most Pseudoccidae are narrow and slender, whereas Eriococcidae are 

 rather stout and robust ; the hairy appearance of the species will be discussed later. 



