62 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



(i) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) 

 ABDOMEN : 



Ostioles : (i) Absent. (2) Present. 1 & 2 2 2 1 2 1 



Dorsal setae of segment VIII : 



(1) Absent. (2) Present. 2 2 2 2 2 1 



Pleural setae of segment VIII : 



(1) All of subequal length. (2) 



Include one slightly longer seta. 1&22 2 1 1 1 



If disc pores present : (1) Only on 



segment I. (2) On segment I and 



other abdominal segments. 2 2 2 1 2 NC 



Glandular pouches and their setae : 



(1) Only on segment VIII. (2) One 

 set on each side of segments VII and 



VIII. 1 1 1 1 2 1 



Setae of the glandular pouch of 



segment VIII : (1) Include a pair of 



comparatively long tail setae and one 



much shorter seta. (2) Include a 



pair of tail setae, two of medium, 



unequal lengths and a short one. 1 1 1 2 1 1 



Length of tail setae related to total 



length of body : (1) Short ; body 



usually more than 5 times as long. 



(2) Long ; body usually 5 times as 



long, or less. 2 2 2 2 1 1 



Basal ridge of the penial sheath : 



(1) Medially interrupted and with a 



small projection. (2) Medially 



continuous ; projection absent. 1 1 1 1 1 2 



Total number of exclusive characters 048589 



In discussing the groups of genera, an attempt was made to assess their primitive 

 or specialized status, on the basis of the number of shared specialized and primitive 

 characters, but this was found to be rather difficult. Theron (1958) discussed the 

 matter with reference to the conditions of the more primitive Sternorrhynchan 

 Homoptera and considered 3 main conditions as distinct specializations in 

 Coccoidea : (1) sclerite degeneration, and consequently (2) the development of 

 secondary ridges for reinforcing the desclerotized parts, (3) the absence of any of 

 the primary ridges, or the reduction of other generalized structures. 



When the groups of genera of the studied Pseudococcidae were compared with 

 each other, the different structures showed varying degrees of development, and 

 complying with the principles already set out by Theron (I.e.) and Giliomee (1967), 

 the following conditions of the various characters were regarded as specialized : 



(a) The presence of : ocular ridges (preocular, postocular and interocular) ; 

 ridge-like sclerotization of the proepisternum ; short and transverse scutellum ; 

 ostioles ; basal ridge replacing the basal ridge of the penial sheath. 



