66 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



The primitive characters are : (i) scutum large, (2) basalare strong, (3) setae of 

 the glandular pouches long. 



The descriptions of Pseudococcus antricolens Ferris ; P. dorsispinosus Beard. ; 

 P. floriger Ferris ; P. lycopodii Beard. ; P. montanus Ehrhorn ; P. straussiae 

 Ehrhorn ; P. comstocki (Kuwana) ; P. peleae Beard. ; Dysmicoccus boninensis 

 (Kuwana) ; D. brevipes (Ckll.), D. neobrevipes Beard, by Beardsley (i960, 1962, 

 1965) and those of Pseudococcus fragilis Brain ; P. adonidum (L.) ; and "P. 

 maritimus (Ehrhorn) type A & B " by Giliomee (1961) show that all these species 

 have fleshy setae on one or more parts of the body itself, thus confirming the validity 

 of the exclusive character in the other species of the two genera Pseudococcus and 

 Dysmicoccus. According to Beardsley (I.e.), the males of Pedronia acanthocauda 

 Beard., P. cibotii Beard., P. crypta Beard., P. hawaiiensis Ferris, Clavicoccus tribulus 

 Ferris, Phyloccus oahuensis (Ehrhorn), Laminicoccus giffardi (Ehrhorn), Palmicola 

 palmarum (Ehrhorn), and Nesococcus pipturi (Ehrhorn) also have fleshy setae on 

 the main parts of the body. The genera Pedronia, Clavicoccus, Phylococcus, Lamini- 

 coccus, Palmicola and Nesococcus apparently ought also to be placed in the Pseudo- 

 coccus group of genera. 



VI. The Planococcus group, includes the remaining genera here studied (i.e. 

 Planococcus, Planococcoides, Nipaecoccus, Maconellicoccus, Ferrisiana and Triony- 

 mus) ; these genera also exhibit the generalized conditions of almost all characters 

 and represent one of the most primitive groups among the material studied. Pairs 

 of genera within the group share a rather large number of characters (88-1 11) and 

 the members of the group have 71 characters in common. It may be interesting 

 to note that this group, unlike all the others here recognized, has no exclusive 

 characters. The two specializations of the group (i.e. strong development of the 

 lateral arms of the midcranial ridge and the presence of interocular ridge) and the 

 three primitive conditions (i.e. large scutum, strong basalare and long setae of 

 glandular pouches) are the same as in the Pseudococcus group, and the two groups, 

 as will be discussed, are very closely related. 



Beardsley's (I.e.) descriptions of Chorizcooccus lounsburyi (Brain) (=Trionymus 

 lounsburyi Brain), Trionymus multiductus Beard., T. rostellum'Lobde\\,T.danthoniae 

 Morrison, Nipaecoccus nipae (Mask.), N. vastator (Mask.), N. longispinus Beard, 

 and Antonina crawii Ckll. indicate that all these species exhibit the generalized 

 characters of Pseudococcidae and have no fleshy setae on the body itself, thus con- 

 firming the writer's concept in including Trionymus and Nipaecoccus in the Plano- 

 coccus group. The descriptions also suggest that Chorizcooccus and Antonina* also 

 belong to this group of genera. 



Beardsley (i960) also described the males of Trionymus refertus Ferris and 

 showed that they carry few fleshy setae on the head. For this reason, and to 

 comply with the present definition of the groups, this species should be placed in 

 Pseudococcus group. This would imply that it may not be congeneric with the 



* The writer, in a subsequent study of 5 Antonina species (Ann and Kosztarab, 1967), decided to 

 remove the genus Antonina from the Planococcus group and assigned it to the Saccharicoccus group of 

 genera. 



