74 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



Eriococcidae 



A division of this family into groups of genera, similar to that of Pseudococcidae 

 could be suggested at the present stage. Only 7 species (representing 4 genera) 

 belonging to this family were available, and it was not possible to assess correctly 

 the significance of the morphological differences they exhibit. However, the 

 distribution of the body setae and the structure of the genital segment appear to 

 be most significant. Inspection of table II shows that of the 3 spp. of Eriococcus, 

 E. araucariae shares a comparatively large number of characters with E. orariensis 

 (118), but each has only 101 and 102 characters respectively, in common with 

 E. buxi. This would suggest that the latter is less closely related to the other two 

 species and would support Borchsenius's (1963) view that E. buxi (the type species 

 of Eriococcus) is not congeneric with the other species hitherto ascribed to the same 

 genus. 



On the other hand, the structure of the genital capsule indicates that the studied 

 species could be grouped as follows : 



a. E. araucariae and Gossyparia spp., where the style is undulated and the base 

 of the aedeagus distinctly sclerotized latero-dorsally. 



b. E. buxi, 0. agavium and P. fraxini, where the genital capsule is comparatively 

 short and the style rather straight. 



c. E. orariensis, where the genital capsule is comparatively elongate (its length 

 more than 2-5 times its width). 



It should be emphasized, however, that the available material was quite 

 inadequate and the above suggestions are very tentative indeed. 



The genera and available species of family Eriococcidae are merely separated by 

 differences in chaetotaxy and the development of certain structures. These are 

 listed in table I and will be used in the keys. 



Relationships of Pseudococcidae and Eriococcidae with other Coccoidea 



According to Balachowsky's (1937, 1942) original designation, margaroids — 

 the most primitive type of Coccoidea males, comprise Ortheziidae and Margarodidae 

 (including the aberrant species Steingelia gorodetskia) ; lecanoids comprise all the 

 other families (including the monotypic family Phenacoleachiidae), except 

 Diaspididae and Phoenicococcidae, which constituted the diaspidoids. Balachowsky 

 stressed that the diaspidoids represent a homogenous group fundamentally differing 

 in the characters of the males and females from the other two groups. Theron 

 (1958), who gave a detailed list of morphological characters separating the three 

 types of males, and later also Giliomee (1961, 1967), both concluded, however, that 

 although the lecanoids are more specialized than the margaroids and less than the 

 diaspidoids, they are nevertheless more closely related to diaspidoids than to 

 margaroids. 



As far as the relationships of Phenacoleachiidae with other coccid families are 

 concerned, Morrison and Morrison (1922) maintained that the sole species of this 

 family, Phenacoleachia zealandica (Maskell) has a number of characteristics of 



