92 MORPHOLOGY AND TAXONOMY OF ADULT MALES 



across the base through the near left and the far right edges of the block diagram. 

 The Pseudococcidae are situated beyond this plane and the Eriococcidae in front 

 of it. Nairobia (21) lies in the plane near Eriococcidae. Pseudococcus group 

 (10-15) occupy space (Ab) on the " ground floor level " ; Planococcus group (1-9) 

 space (Aa) on the " first floor level " except F. virgata (8) which occupies space (Ab) 

 on the same floor. The position of Saccharicoccus (16) indicates that it is probably 

 more closely related to Planococcus group than is F. virgata (8). All these species, 

 however, are concentrated in the left-hand corner of the block diagram forming 

 a rather close group of genera. Octococcus (18) occupies a solitary position in the near 

 left upper part of space (Bb) of the second floor, and Ceroputo and Centrococcus 

 (19 and 20) are closely approximated in space (Be) of the third floor. The Erio- 

 coccidae form a fairly compact group in the spaces (Ca) and (Cb) on the ground 

 floor, with 0. agavium (25) isolated on the second level in space (Cb). Nairobia (21) 

 is situated in the same space (Bb), second level) as Octococcus (18), but very near 

 the right margin and close to Eriococcidae. The diagram of Pseudococcidae alone 

 (Fig. 3) shows similar relationships, only with differences regarding the position of 

 the groups ; in this diagram F. virgata (8) is also removed from Planococcus group. 

 The results of the Taxon analyses are basically in accord with those of the 

 Principal Component. The dendogram of Fig. (A) also shows that the apterous 

 males of S. sacchari (17) and P. fraxini (29) are highly correlated. In Fig. (B), 

 where both species were excluded, it is apparent that the two brachypterous forms 

 of Gossyparia (27 and 28) are the most closely related (with a similarity coefficient 

 0-97), i.e. more than the macropterous (26) and the brachypterous (27) forms of 

 G. spuria. This again indicates the considerable differences apparently resulting 

 from the conditions of the wings. This dendogram shows that F. virgata (8) is far 

 removed from Planococcus group and is closer to Pseudococcus group. When a 

 phenon line was drawn at the correlation coefficient point of 0-45, the six groups of 

 genera suggested for Pseudococcidae were distinctly separated (except for the 

 position of F. virgata). It was also possible to draw another phenon line at 0-2 

 correlation coefficient, which roughly separates the two suggested major taxa or 

 sections, i.e. Planococcus, Pseudococcus and Saccharicoccus on the one hand, and 

 Ceroputo and Nairobia on the other (leaving Octococcus isolated). These dendo- 

 grams illustrate the most noteworthy conclusion. They indicate that Octococcus, 

 Ceroputo and Nairobia groups of genera have greater phenetic affinity with Erio- 

 coccidae than with Pseudococcidae. It was already suggested that N. bifrons (21) 

 ostensibly represents a link between the two families. But when a third programme 

 was run excluding this species, similar results were obtained (Fig. C). When the 

 state conditions of most characters were reduced so that almost all characters had 

 only 2-3 states, the results were still not much different (Fig. D). The dendogram 

 of Fig. (E) is only concerned with Pseudococcidae, where the relationships between 

 the species are amplified and where no substantial differences occurred. 



DESCRIPTION OF SPECIES 



The following descriptions, conforming with those of Ghauri (1962) and Giliomee 



