54 
colour changing to white. Vernonia noveboracensis, a tall-growing 
ha 
Silphium laciniatum, with its large cut leaves disposed in open places so as 
to present their edges north and south, was abundant, and so also was 
S. terebinthaceum, the Prairie Dock, a still taller plant with large uncut 
ovate leaves; the flower heads of the former are somewhat racemed and 
are larger than those of the Prairie Dock, whose tall stems 6 to 10 feet 
high, bear panicles of small yellow heads. 
CHICAGO. 
In order to give some idea of the difficnlties encountered by those 
who had to prepare Jackson Park for the purposes of the ** Columbian 
ur end it may be well to quote the feiosihe extract from a 
La e Architecture of the f euni an 
n 
Institute y itects, and a resumé of which was published in 
* Garden and Forest " for August 30th, 1893. “To ordinary obser- 
“ vation, Jackson Park was a forbidding place. At different periods 
* sandbars h [ 
ix shore, ‘and parallel with it. The landward one of these, gradually 
* rising, had at length attained an elevation above the surface of the 
* water, and within this bar a pool or lagoon was formed. Gradually 
* these lagoons had been filled nearly to the brim with drifting sand 
* of it, that had not been artificially pab otherwise, consisted of three 
* ridges of beach sand, with intervening swales occupi y bogg 
* vegetation. Upon the two inner ridges vegetable mould had gathered 
“and scattered groups of oaks and other trees had sprung up. 
After all the operations of drainin ading, and top-soiling the 
* land, the great bulk of the planting operations had to be completed 
* in one fall and spring, two years bei ing the longest time at command 
£4 e had to be cov 
* with a graceful and intricate green drapery of varied tints and 
i ercial i 
* were prepared to furnish the material. The chief reliance was 
* placed upon willows of the shrubby sorts, in large variety, and such 
* herbaceous bog and water-side plants as flags, cat-tails, rushes, irises, 
* and pond lilies, most of which had to be gathered for the purpose 
* from loealities on the shores of lakes ss swamps in Illinois and 
Wisconsin. In this work, 100,000 willows, 75 car-loads of her- 
* baceous plants, 140,000 other aquatic plants, and nearly 300,000 
* ferns and other herbaceous plants were used." To Dr. Olmsted and 
his partner, the late Mr. Codman, visitors to Chicago — been able 
to see a perfect buic of true art in the management of the lagoons, 
and, in my mind, the water-margins will remain impressed as the most 
wonderful thing I saw in the ** White City." A succession of native 
plants followed each other in Biwer there was no sign of ne wes, 
mapep looked as if it did not owe its position to human 
* 
e 
» pen great Horticultural e a huge stru principal 
msan ree. (187 feet in diameter and ud “et high, w oe 
^0! in de dene: area with the pavilions at 
