403 
soap. A simple igtision without soap is, Baste quite as ; reddite 
and for use in green-houses the latter is preferred, Quassia water is 
odourless, and perfectly safe to use. In these respects it is preferable to 
both kerosine emulsions and to tobac acco water, There is always a 
certain amount of risk in using kerosine emulsion even in the most 
careful hands, and m the smell is 'ipoliilly objectionable. If more 
at Qu e i 
Coffee and Tea in Travancore—Travancore, a native state, occupies 
the extreme south-western corner of India. It is very picturesque, and 
its vasis forests contain much teak, black-wood, ebony, and other valuable 
trees. The cultural resources of the State are not very widely posed 
The following information respecting coffee and tea is taken from 
by on the Forests of Travancore by Mr. T. F. Bourdillon, F. Li S. 
dated 29th December 1892 :— 
Coffee:—About the year 1872, a fungoid disease (Hemileia 
vastatrix), which had attacked ga leayes of the coffee plant. in Geyler 
some three years previously, began to appear in Tarai ai 
rapidly spread through every estate in the country. As, however, ae 
price of coffee remained high, and “ the leaf disease,” as it was called, 
ure and careful management, extension of 
cultivation still went on. 
After 1877 prices began to fall, until they reached a figure which 
could aiy pay those owners of estates who were getting large crops, 
and this the disease prevented. Under these combined circumstances, 
one estate after another was abandoned, and dt the pre cilia moment 
almost the only estates still cultivated with coffee are those which had 
been planted on exceptionally fertile soil, or gode have other advantages 
enabling them to yield good crops. The exports of coffee last year 
amounted to only 6,546 cwts. Prices of coffee are again mueh higher 
wing to short ope in aasi, and it is possible that the area 
indak "that product in Travanco y be again slightly increased, but 
it is unlikely that there will ever be a aay great extension. 
Although leaf disease and low prices together combined to ruin the 
coffee enterprise, other causes contributed to bring about that result, 
Much of the land planted was steep, and the heavy rain washed the 
soil away, other parts were expos to wind, or contained poor soil, 
while nearly everywhere the coffee plants were hurriedly planted out 
without a proper rejection of the weak and sickly specimens. Indeed 
pper who have studied the question are generally agreed that the leaf 
ase was a result rather than a cause, and that it would never have 
have ons the damage it did, unless the coffee plants had been already 
in à sickly condition, a belief that is supported by the fact that in Coorg 
where the soil is good and cultivation receives due attention, leaf disease 
is little fea 
Tea ~The tea plant was introduced into Travancore by General 
Cullen many years ago, but it was not until 1876 or 1887 that any 
