1905.1 SCANDINAVIAN CRANIA. 



diameter would undergo enlargement, and the transverse increase 

 would become more marked in the parieto-squamous region, i. e. 

 in the region of greatest width. 



On this hypothesis it might even be possible to explain the 

 evolution of brachy-cephalic skulls from a dolicho-cephalic stock 

 so far as savages or primitive peoples are concerned, merely as 

 the result of geographic environment affecting habits and customs. 

 From the fact that savage dolicho-cephalic skulls appear farther 

 removed from civilised dolicho-cephalic skulls than they are from 

 savage brachy-cephalic skulls, we are under the necessity of 

 attributing the civilised types of dolicho-cephaly and brachy- 

 cephaly to separate and distinct sources of origin. That is to 

 say, civilised dolicho-cephalics have sprung from a dolicho- 

 cephalic stock, and similarly with brachy-cephalics. In each 

 case the source of origin has been more nearly akin to the 

 primitive type than are the civilised forms. We can scarcely 

 believe that the various types of civilised skull have had a 

 common origin, either dolicho-cephalic or brachy-cephalic, whereas 

 it is not impossible that the brachy-cephalic skull of the savage 

 may have been evolved from a dolicho-cephalic ancestor. 



The detailed examination of the Scandinavian crania there- 

 fore appears to provide a considerable body of evidence in 

 favour^ of the existence among them of two absolutely distinct 

 races, whose evolution has started from distinct progenitors. In 

 spite of the common environment which has surrounded them 

 no doubt for very long periods of time, they still present inherent 

 and characteristic differences, although they both show that they 

 are similarly affected by the conditions of environment, while 

 both provide suggestive evidence in support of the views here 

 enunciated, viz. that dolicho-cephaly is a lower mammalian type 

 than brachy-cephaly, and that the latter may have been evolved 

 from the former as the result of climatic and food conditions 

 producing changes in the proportions of the face and jaws, with 

 consequent alterations in the proportions of that part of the 

 cranial base to which the face is directly attached. 



