DAVID HEPBURN. [No. 3. 



standing the fact that prior to birth the brain is characteristi- 

 cally human. 



Again, if the attitude of the individual, and the balance of 

 the skull upon the summit of the vertebrat column, had deter- 

 mined the porportions, we should have found very marked 

 differences between the Human and the Anthropoid percentages, 

 as indeed we do; but there would have been greater constancy 

 and less variation both among the Human and among the 

 Anthropoid skulls. The oblique or semi-erect attitude of the 

 anthropoid ape contrasts distinctly with the erect attitude of 

 Man. No one would contend that the brachycephalic Sandwich 

 Islander is more erect in attitude than the dolichocephalic 

 Australian Aboriginal, or that either possesses less of the human 

 attitude than the civilised dolichocephalic and brachycephalic 

 Scandinavians. Nevertheless the accompanying Table shows 

 marked differences in the relation of their occipital condyles to 

 the glabello-occipital diameter. Again, if the attitude were 

 responsible for I he position of the condyles, we should not find 

 the differences noted between the skulls of the young and the 

 adult Ghimpanzee. 



The young Chimpanzee must certainly acquire its permanent 

 or adult attitude just as the human infant does, i. e. during its 

 own early life, therefore we cannot suppose that the young 

 Ghimpanzee is nearer to the conditions of the erect attitude than 

 its parents, and yet this is the natural inference to be drawn 

 from the position of its occipital condyles if their position be 

 attributed to, and regarded as a concomitant of, the erect 

 attitude. 



It seems to me that a satisfactory explanation and cause 

 for the position of the occipital condyles can be found in the 

 growth of the Face, and in the proportions which it finally 

 assumes. It has long been recognised that the various indices 

 found in connection with the face, (orbit, nose, prognathism) of 

 a dolichocephalic Australian Aboriginal are not the least likely 

 to be repeated in a dolichocephalic European, e. g. Scandinavian. 

 On this account the same skulls have appeared among widely 



