BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 93 



and a few very poorly-preserved, marine fossils, which last, by their 

 very scarcity and by the evidences which they show of having been 

 transported, argue more strongly for than against the extra-marine 

 habitat of the well-preserved eurypterids and Ceratiocaris. 



The application of the criteria for the recognition of the types of 

 fossil faunas and habitats shows beyond any doubt that the euryp- 

 terids, so far as we now know, never lived in the sea or in any par- 

 tially or wholly detached portion thereof; the only possible type of 

 fauna to which the eurypterids could have belonged was that which 

 dwelt in rivers, and this is nowhere more clearly shown than in the 

 Siluric, which marked the acme in development and universality of 

 distribution for the Eurypterida. 



CHAPTER IV 



The Lithogenesis of the Eurypterid-bearlng Beds 



The formations which in America contain eurypterids in abun- 

 dance are: 



1. The Belt Terrane. 



2. The Normanskill and Schenectady beds. 



3. The Shawangunk conglomerate. 



4. The Pittsford shale. 



5. The Bertie water lime. 



6. The Kokomo waterlimes. 

 Those most prolific in Europe are: 



7. The Tarannon and Wenlock beds of southern Scotland. 



8. The waterlime beds of Oesel. 



9. The Siluric of the Austro-Russian border lands. 



10. The Ludlow of England and Ludlow and Lanarkian of 



Scotland. 



11. The Old Red Sandstone. 



It is evident that the formations carrying only fragments or single 

 individuals need not be considered if we can prove a uniform habitat 

 from the formations carrying these merostomes in abundance. Never- 

 theless a brief summary of these is also given at the end of the chapter. 



I. THE BELT TERRANE 



The Belt Terrane fauna is a large one made up of fragments which 

 Clarke and Ruedemann have failed to identify as of merostome 



