BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 303 



On another map made in the same year, 1689, Coronelli 

 marks the legend "Kakougoga des Iroquois". On this map it 

 is placed halfway between Lake Erie and ' Sonnontouan". On 

 all three maps the legend "Les Cine Nations" is so placed south 

 of Lake Erie that it seems to have been intended to include 

 both "Kakouagoga" and "Nation du Loup". 



The Seneca name for Eighteen Mile Creek, a stream empty- 

 ing into Lake Erie about eighteen miles west of Buffalo, was 

 "Cah-gwah-geh", (1) meaning "where the Gah-gwehs live". In 

 a treaty, dated 1797 this creek was called ' 'Koghquaga" (2) and 

 a later treaty in 1802 it was written Kogh-quaw-ga. 



The name "Kah-kwah" is a Seneca word meaning "eye 

 swelled like a cat". There seems to be sufficient ground for 

 saying that the name was applied to a nation by the Senecas, 

 and that this people whoever they were, lived along Lake Erie, 

 near Eighteen Mile Creek. Coronelli, who never visited America 

 must have obtained his knowledge from some orie who had re- 

 ceived it from Senecas. 



Who the people were we can only conjecture. 



Mr. Schoolcraft thinks that they were Eries, (3). Later, 

 however, he contradicted himself, for he says elsewhere "Kah- 

 kwahs, a people who are generally, but erroneously supposed to 

 be the same as the Eries", (3). Mr. Parkman says that they 

 were the Neutrals, (4). Marshall thinks (5) they were Neutrals. 

 Mr. Henderson thinks it quite probable that the name was ap- 

 plied to both Neutrals and Eries (6). 



Mr. Morgan suggests (7) that "the Gah-kwahs or Eries" 

 are supposen to have been a subdivision of the Senecas. 



A study of the maps throws little light upon the question of 

 the identity of these Kah-kwahs. The occurrence of the name 

 "Kakouagoga" on a map made in 1684 is peculiar if these people 

 were either Neutrals or Eries. Both these nations were located 

 on the maps of Sanson in 1656 and of Creuxius in 1660; but 

 neither of these locates the nation "Kakouagoga". Franquelin 



1. L. H. Morgan, League of the Iroquois, map. 



2. J. G. Henderson, quoted in Note 11, page 313, Vol. 21, Jes. Rel. 

 Burrows ed. 



3. H. R. Schoolcraft, Notes on the Iroquois, P. 176 and P. 214. 



4. Parkman, The Jesuits in North America, Note, P. XLVI. 



5. O. H. Marshall, Niagara Frontier, Note, P. 6. 



6. Jesuit Rel. Vol. 21, P. 313, Note 11, Burrows ed. 



7. L. H. Morgan, Indian Miscellany, P. 227. 



