350 THE INDIAN OCCUPANCY 



opposite end expanded at right angles into a flat handle. It is 

 T-shaped, resembling our gimlets in outline. It is shown in 

 Plate I, No. 27. Occasionally drills are found which have notched 

 or stemmed bases. These have usually been made from broken 

 arrow-points. One such is shown on Plate I, Fig. 26. 



The drill seems to have been evolved naturally from the 

 arrow-point. An arrow-point would serve as an excellent drill 

 for large perforation, and many points are found that show evi- 

 dence of such use. To make a finer hole the point would require 

 only to be chipped narrower. Some drills are actually so made. 

 Occasionally drills are found which show in their smoothed and 

 worn edges and points the evidence of much use. 



A drill point of this type might have been held while in use 

 in the fingers, or it might have been attached to a shaft and 

 twirled by means of a bow, or a cord and weight or some other 

 mechanical means. The hole made by it would always be coun- 

 tersunk, and would often show striations in its interior. 



The fact that some of the villages were inhabited and aban- 

 doned before the advent of the Europeans accounts for the absence 

 of gun-flints in their refuse heaps and graves. Even in those vil- 

 lages in whose graves and middens European articles are found, 

 gun-flints have never been found. Occasionally on the surface a 

 few points have been found which might have been home-made 

 gun-flints. Plate I, Fig. 33 shows one of these, and Fig. 29 

 shows a European flint which was found in place in the hammer 

 of a musket. 



Polished Stone Artifacts. 



All or nearly all the stone from which artifacts of the pol- 

 ished type were made was imported. The native rocks, limestone, 

 shale and gritty sandstone were unsuited for such use, so the 

 striped slate, fine grained sandstone, marble, steatite, greenstone, 

 diorite and basalt, which were made up into these artifacts, were 

 all brought from a distance. Pipes, axes, chisels, hoes, gouges, 

 beads, "bird-stones" and gorgets were made from these rocks by 

 battering, grinding and polishing. 



The whole region is characterized by an abundance of un- 

 grooved "celts". Most of these are undoubtedly axes; many are 

 probably chisels or wedges. The type and the range in size and 



