354 THE INDIAN OCCUPANCY 



No. 7, Buffalo, were found two egg-shaped pebbles, on opposite 

 sides of which are two notches. These look like net-sinkers, but 

 they have the battered and fractured surfaces which show use as 

 hammers. Small balls of chert and sandstone, sometimes some- 

 what rounded by pecking, oftener unmodified, are occasionally 

 found on village sites. These may have been inserted into the 

 heads of war-clubs. Stone mortars are rare. Occasionally a 

 small slab of sandstone, with a concave depression on one or both 

 sides, is found in the refuse heaps. These may have been mor- 

 tars. More probably they were used as grindstones. 



In the refuse heaps of Site No. 7, Buffalo, are found 

 numerous flat, shale discs, roughly circular, unpolished, but per- 

 forated. They may have been strung as beads, Plate II, Figs. 

 61, 62 and 69. 



On the Buffalo Creek group of villages are found sandstone 

 celts and chisels, made by grinding a smooth waterworn pebble 

 to an edge. 



Unworked Stone. 



Unworked stone supplied many primitive needs. Rough 

 stones which still show by their reddened, cracked and calcined 

 surfaces the action of fire, were probably used to support kettles 

 in a fire, or were heated in a fire and dropped into a kettle to 

 heat the water. Sandstone pebbles made good whetstones and 

 on them were ground stone axes, ornaments and bone implements. 

 On one site there is an abundance of rounded waterworn pebbles, 

 of the size of a man's fist. These are foreign to the locality and 

 were probably brought there to serve as missiles in case of an 

 attack on the village. Many rongh pebbles show marks of use as 

 hammers. On many sites are numerous flat, smooth sandstone 

 pebbles, which though they show no marks of use, are foreign to 

 the site, and must have been brought there for some purpose. 

 They may have been used in skin-working or in making pottery. 



