356 THE INDIAN OCCUPANCY 



into short pieces. They are usually smoothly polished and the 

 cut ends sometimes show signs of wear. They vary in length 

 from an inch or even less to about three inches. They were evi- 

 dently worn as beads, though some of the larger may have been 

 plume-holders. 



Variously shaped pieces of flat bone were frequently per- 

 forated for use as pendants. Plate II shows several of these. 

 Unworked bones, perforated for suspension are sometimes found. 



Articles of unknown use are sometimes encountered in the 

 refuse heaps. Amongst these are phalangeal bones, probably of 

 the bear, many of which have been worked in various ways. 

 Some are smoothly polished. Some have the ventral surface 

 flattened. Some are perforated longitudinally, others at right 

 angles to the long diameter. The larger articulated ends of 

 several have been cut away, the spongy interior removed and a 

 hole bored at the small end making servicable pipes. Some are 

 merely broken as though to extract the marrow. 



Various uses have been ascribed to these. They have been 

 called whistles. They much resemble bones still used amongst 

 both Indians and Eskimo in playing certain games. A few would 

 certainly make good pipes and others could be used to hold dang- 

 ling plumes. 



One solid cylinder, similar in shape to certain articles of 

 antler has been found. This may have been a "pitching tool" 

 used in chipping chert. Two small pointed articles may have 

 been barbs for a spear. Fig. 80 is of unknown use, an amulet, 

 perhaps, or a record. The bone image shown on Plate II, Fig. 

 88, was found on Site No. 23 in East Elma. 



Artifacts Made of Antler. 



In a hunting community, antlers must have been abundant, 

 and of all the material available for the manufacture of tools, it 

 was the most easily worked. In the middens of the village sites 

 articles made of antler are fairly abundant, but on the camp sites 

 none are ever found. 



Fig. 97, Plate II, shows a point suitable for a spear. Its 

 base is hollowed out for the insertion of a shaft. 



Fig. 96, Plate II, shows an article which may have been a weap- 

 on. It is neatly worked. In Fig. 92 is shown an implement that 



