BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 361 



tempering material pulverized granite or chert; in a very few 

 specimens pulverized shells were so used. 



In the refuse heaps only fragments are usually found. These 

 fragments vary in size from tiny bits to large portions of a vessel, 

 and in some cases they can be pieced together. A few fragments 

 have been found which show that the kettle of which they formed 

 a part was repaired before being finally discarded. Evidently 

 when a crack appeared, rather than throw away the kettle a hole 

 was bored on each side of the crack and the pieces were then 

 bound together with cord. Evidently when the vessels were 

 finally discarded in a more or less broken state the little Indian 

 boys completed their demolition by throwing stones at them, for 

 amongst the fragments of several kettles were found the stones 

 that finally broke them. The slovenly habits of the Indian cooks 

 are shown, many of these fragments being encrusted with a thick 

 deposit of charred food, evidently the remains of several meals 

 that had not been washed off the kettles. 



From the refuse heaps of Site No, 7, Buffalo, come lumps of 

 burned clay. These were evidently dropped from the hands of 

 some potter and found their way into the fire and thence to the 

 ash pile. Some of these show the thumb-marks of the aboriginal 

 potter. 



A large number of entire vessels have been recovered from 

 the sites along the Niagara Frontier. A great many were taken 

 from Site No. 4, Brant, by Mr. Parker and are now in the Peabody 

 Museum, Cambridge. He was also fortunate enough to recover 

 many vessels from the Erie Site at Ripley. This site however is 

 not included in the Niagara Frontier. Two burying grounds of 

 Site No. 22, East Hamburg, were excavated by contractors who 

 used the gravel in which they occurred for ballasting railroad 

 tracks. Many kettles were found but few were preserved. Of 

 the six known to have been preserved the writer found four and 

 the other two were retained by the contractors. In the graves of 

 Site No. 7, Buffalo, but two were found. One badly broken was 

 found by the writer; the other is in the possession of Mrs. Harold 

 R. Robertson, Buffum Street, Buffalo. One was found on Site 

 No. 8, Buffalo, and was kept by the lessee of the property. Many 

 were taken from the graves in the "Sand-pits" near St. David's, 

 Ont. Of these Dr. Benedict has nearly all that were preserved. 

 One was found at Port Colborne and is now in the Museum at 

 Toronto. Three entire, and several broken vessels were found 



