BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAE SCIENCES 363 



ures 119, 120 and 122 show two of these found on Site No. 22, 

 East Hamburg. They probably were intended to represent the 

 wolf and the snake. A handsome clay pipe from the Neutral 

 cemetery on Grand Island has upon it the representation of the 

 head of a bird, perhaps a crow, Plate III, Fig. 133. Another was 

 rudely modeled into the shape of a snake, Plate III, Fig, 124. 



A Summary. 



A portion of the Niagara Frontier is now occupied by two 

 tribes of Indians, the Senecas and the Tuscaroras, with whom are 

 mingled a few of the other Iroquois nations. They live on three 

 reservations on the Frontier, the Senecas on the Cattaraugus and 

 Tonawanda Reservations, the Tuscaroras on their reservation on 

 the "Mountain Ridge' ' . For sixty years, from 1780 until approx- 

 imately 1840 the valley of the Buffalo Creek was a reservation on 

 which lived the Senecas who now inhabit the Cattaraugus Reser- 

 vation, and with them a few Cayugas and Onondagas. 



Between 1700 and 1780 the Frontier was sparsely settled by 

 Senecas and Missisaugas. Seneca villages existed at L,ewiston, 

 at the site of the present Tonawanda village, perhaps at Falkirk, 

 N. Y., probably at Site No. 2, Aurora, and at several places in 

 the Tonawanda valley not now certainly known. The whole 

 Frontier at that time was a hunting ground for Senecas and prob- 

 ably for the Missisaugas. West of the River the country was in 

 the possession of the Missisaugas whose bands wandered over the 

 whole Niagara Peninsula. To these Missisaugas must be attribu- 

 ted some of the camp sites on both sides of the river, and it is 

 probable that the large collections of points in the possession of 

 Mr. McFarland, at Niagara-on-the-Eake and of Mr. Baldwin and 

 others west of Lockport, are partly at least of Missisauga origin. 



Between 1656 and 1700 the region on both sides of the river 

 seems to have been unoccupied; but it was a hunting ground for 

 the Senecas who probably had bases, more or less permanent at 

 the site of Fort Niagara and on the sites of abandoned Wenro 

 villages, at Sites No. 8, Buffalo; No. 34 and 35, West Seneca; 

 No. 22 East Hamburg; No. 23, 24 and 25, East Elma and No. 2, 

 Aurora; possibly also at Falkirk and on Tonawanda Creek. The 

 occupation of these sites by the Seneca refugees in 1780 is evidence 



