BUFFALO SOCIETY OF NATURAL SCIENCES 449 



A good list of trade articles appears in the list of articles given by Wil- 

 liam Penn in exchange for land, July 15, 16S2. These seem to have been 

 staple articles of trade with the Indians: 



Three Hundred and ffifty ffathams of Wampum, Twenty white Blank- 

 ets, Twenty ffathams of Strawdwaters, Sixtj ffathams of Duffields, Twenty 

 Kettles, fiower whereof large, Twenty Gunns, Twenty Coates, fforty Shirts, 

 fforty payre of Stockings, fforty Howes, fforty Axes, Two Barrells of Powder, 

 Two Hundred Barres of Lead, Two Hundred Knives, Two Hundred small 

 Glasses, Twelve payre of Shooes, fforty Copper Boxes, fforty Tobacco Toungs, 

 Two small Barrels of Pipes, fforty payre of Sissers, fforty Combes, Twenty 

 fiower pounds of Red Lead, One Hundred Aules, Two handfulls of ffish- 

 hooks, Two handfulls of needles, fforty pounds of Shott, Tenne Bundles of 

 Beads, Tenne small Saws, Twelve drawing Knives, ffower anchers of To- 

 bacco, Two anchers of Rumme, Two anchers of Syder, Two anchers of 

 Beere, and Three Hundred Gilders. 



Penna. Archives, Vol. I, Series 1, p. 47. 



The chief source of revenue of the Senecas at that time con- 

 sisted of the furs brought in by their hunters. The local sources 

 of supply seem to have been depleted or completely exhausted 

 by 1670, for mention is made of the party which left one of the 

 villages to go to the northern shore of L,ake Ontario after beaver, 

 and which was to be absent nearly a year. Father Fremin, in 

 the Relation of 1669, said : 'The greater part of the people who 

 belong to the Villages where we are settled are at war or out 

 hunting during nine months of the year." The absence of a 

 large proportion of the hunters of a village would mean a lack of 

 animal food during much of the year and this is noted by Galinee, 

 who says: 'The great dish in this village, where they seldom 

 have fresh meat, is a dog." As a consequence, animal bones are 

 much less abundant in the refuse heaps than in those of older 

 Stone Age villages. The teeth of bears are occasionally found in 

 graves, and seem to have served some purpose. Possibly they 

 were trophies or the contents of charm bags. The skulls of small 

 animals which were found in some graves, preserved by brass 

 with which they lay, seem to have been the heads of animals the 

 skins of which formed a fur robe, the heads serving as orna- 

 ments. 



Farming was carried on on a large scale. There is no doubt 

 that the fertile lands about the villages were tilled by the Senecas, 

 rudely perhaps, but remarkably successfully. In the absence of 

 animal food, the food of the people must necessarily have 

 been largely vegetable, and though some of this was gathered 

 from the fields aud forests, the most of it must have come from 



