190 
DCXIX.—SHINIA IN CYPRUS—(continued). 
(Pistacia Lentiscus.) 
The use of the leaves = Pistacia Lentiscus as a substitute for 
Sumach was noticed in the Kew € ei pp. 421-422). 
t has since vs chemically studied Clothworkers’ 
Research Laboratory, Leeds, by Messrs. peu dud P. J. Wood. 
The following nectit are eds from the Transactions of the 
Chemical Society for 1898 (pp. 374-379) :— 
“During the investigation of Sicilian sumach, the ERA of 
one of us was directed to the excessive adulteration that the 
unio article is frequently subjected to, mnch care on "this 
account being necessary to ensure that the material then examined 
was a p sample of the leaves of the Rhus Coriaria. It was 
application to Sicily was made for us by large and well- nown 
merchants in ko country. Ultimately, we were fortunate in 
OE DIAE the aid of Mr. F. Gennadius, the Director of Agriculture 
yprus, who readily hed trae us with the required materials, 
for which our best than e due 
“Owing to the incer PES of sumach, the quantity 
exported fřom Palermo has PT Veri (Ke w Bulletin, 
Pa Veni and this has been discussed in the Heo dei Can npi 
i (Rome, February 16, 1897, p. 99) and Bulletin de la 
Socidié RA d Acclimation (Paris, May, 1896). The adultera- 
tion consists in grinding with the sumach the leaves of other 
plants, peoi paty d those of Pistacia Lentiscus, Ficus Carica, Ail- 
anthus glandulosa, Tamarix africana, and probably also Arcto- 
staphylos Uva ursi, and such a mixture, when ground, does not 
differ in appearance from ground sumach itself. With the aid 
of the microscope, however, it has lately been found possible to 
detect this adulteration to some extent, for, of the above plants, 
the leaves of the R. urban (sumac ch) alone are covered with 
eu hair-like threads. The difficulty could be readily over- 
come by importing sumach in the underground leaf form ms - 
any reta admixture would then be at once visi t 
is worthy of remark ee bd exports annually Uh 
unadulterated eser in lea 
* Pistacia Lentiscus is a Arad tree about 20 feet high with 
evergreen leaves, which grows bari c Bs most 8 
Cyprus, Wide it is called *shin For e time the leaves 
were exported to England by uj Css Goien. but now are 
hardly known in this country, although a considerable quantity 
is consumed at Lyons, in France, as an assistant dyeing materia 
for silk stuffs. 2 m bos wes Hope from Tunis to 
Sicily annually a 100 k and are re- 
exported from ditt T en 5 si be, 1d, to M Td. for the same 
antity. 
