181 
naturally extended. Legs are canre absent, or present on the three. 
anterior segments as six minute rudiments. r place is supplied by 
tubercular enlargements of the sides of the Gavente which, though 
soft, serve to give them a grip of the burrow. 
Habits of Longicorn Larve. 
The egg being laid as deeply in the crack of the bark as the parent 
beetle can manage, when the young larva hatches, it bores as a rule 
during the early part of its life in the inner layer of the bark and the 
outer sapwood. In these parts it excavates irregular vorab e 
often i Wen and may lie in no particular direction oni re 
the long axis of the trunk. The galleries of Longi "p pnr are 
always In id or Jlattened oval in cross-section, offe tidy with 
the transverse section of the larva at its largest part; this will distin- 
guish them at once from the burrows of many boring insects. They 
T€ ahay packed when fresh with fine wood-meal, the result of the 
orin 
The extent to which the galleries are bored superficially in the sap- 
wood and bark varies greatly according to the species of Longicorn. In 
some the larva quits the surface-wood pi to burrow in the heart- 
wood, either up or down ; in others all the boring is superficial, and the 
larva only enters the harder wood to make a chamber in which to 
pupate. 
The greater the PN ; "i x superficial boring gend greatcr the 
injury to the life of the the greater the amount of boring in 
hard wood, the greater Ji dide done to the BAD as an article of 
commerce. 
With species that do a large amount of superficial boring, and 
je A when several larve are present in a trunk, large ar a " bark 
may be detached from the sap.wood, the nutrition of t ee is 
destroyed at these points, and the tree may be completely Hood Pert 
neath the bark. 
When the larva is full-grown it changes to a pupa in a recess at the 
end of its burrow, which is packed in front and behind with a plug of 
wood fibre. 'The burrow is usually continued to the outside, with the 
exception of a thin layer before being plugged, so that the perfect 
— can emerge easily. The beetles themselves are not wood- 
bore 
Tt must be added that in most cases, and certainly in temperate 
countries, Longicorn larvæ, especially those bes do much boring in 
the solid wood, are of slow growth, and may live for a year or more in 
that stage. nder exceptional poner Fat larval life may be 
prolonged for many years. 
It is hoped that the foregoing general account may Le of assistance in 
supplementing the knowledge which has been gained of the particular 
n question. Of these the coffee borer will be more particularly 
argo as the specimens of wood sent throw some light on its habits, 
It is to be r regretted that. these specimens were not forwarded with a 
little more information. In the case of one coffee shrub of which the 
main stem and roots have been sent, cut into gs it has been found 
possible to put the piepen together” and, with some difficulty, to work 
out the various systems of burrows traversing it. "Tha will be briefly 
descri ide to further observations. It may be added that ne 
only way of working o out the s expose all the burr of burrows in such a stem is 
split the wood so baros and to paint colour Sate 
the margins of ake ramifications. If each separate 
