203 
French plants. The extent of fresh plantations with these Franco- 
merican vines has, of late years, been and is still steadily increasing, 
whilst peer of direct- producing American vines are being gradually less 
resorted t tis, however, pointed out by competent viticulturists that 
in spite of the success obtained by the former, great care should never- 
theless be taken to select the right species of American vines fi 
grafting upon, for if this be not don ne, the renthal success of the 
operation (though the- first results may appear satisfactory) must be 
uncertain. 
“ The considerable expense of the preventive treatment of the vines (in 
f combating the phylloxera is indeed to uproot the infested 
b vineyards and to recultivate them with American vines grafted with 
** There can now be no doubt that owing to the considerable increase in 
the value of a vineyard, consisting of vines which are thus not only able 
to resist the inroads of the phylloxera, but which are extremely produc- 
tive, proprietors would in ordinary conditions soon find themselves repaid 
for their first outlay and trouble, "Unfortunately, there is the existing 
difficulty, the competition of foreign and artificial wines, a cireumstance 
which will render unprofitable, not to say disheartening, these and other 
efforts on the part of the sorely tried growers towards i improving their 
property and increasing their wine produc ion 
* It may be here observed that the total actual pecuniary loss caused ùp 
to the present time to the vineyard owners of the Gironde Department by 
the ravages of the phylloxera, arising both from a diminution i in the area 
and the productiveness of vine growing land, is estimated at about 
26,000,0007., and that of the total cost ineurred in poormirfe the 
deyastated vineyards as well as in combating the Sprang of the phyl- 
loxera. at about 6,000,000/., thus showing an aggregate loss of about 
3 il. to the viticulturists i in this department alone. If the loss 
and expense oceasioned by the phylloxera in all other wine-producing 
departments of France were added, itis probable that a total estimate 
considerably exceeding 100,000 0001. would be reached." 
OTHER VINE DISEASES. 
“The phased and preventive treatment of the | vines. wit th the 
* Bouillie bordelaise ' (see Kew Pm 1888, 271), which with very 
few exceptions nues now becom anding practice amongst growers, 
had the desired effect of ingen nas vineyards free from mildew, a 
disease feared at one time almost as much as the phylloxera itself. On 
the other hand the kindred pest called blackrot showed itself in many 
parts of the Gironde, though the damage done by it was, in consequence 
of preventive treatment taken by growers, not so serious in 189 ap as had 
been feared. Though the use of the * Bouillie bordelaise’ as preven 
tive against — is of considerable value, no thoro e: etioneions 
remedy nst this disease appears, in spite of continued elabora 
Demande, io have yet been discovered," 
