146 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



teeth. The lower pharyngeals consist of the same sort of 

 bristles. The crustacean on the right lower side of the illustra- 

 tion was taken out of the mouth of the fish described, but it is 

 not, as might hastily be inferred, a specimen of one item of the 

 food of this fish. It is an Isopod known as Cymothoa oestrum, a 

 parasite that lives in the mouths especially of the Stromateidce, 

 where, as far as its life-history is known, it passes most of its 

 existence. Were these fishes provided with sharp, cardiform, 

 pharyngeal teeth, as so many others are, these parasites would 

 have a more perilous time. There is a Decapod (the Hippo, 

 asiatica), found in sandy beaches. At Madras it is largely used 

 as bait by the local fishermen. This is very like in general 

 appearance to the Cymothoa, but very different in its habits, and 

 is only mentioned to prevent the two being taken one for the 

 other. 



PSEL'DOCHROMIDID^. 



Lopholatilus chamceleouticeps, the Tile-fish, living on the 

 bottom of the Gulf Stream slope, and found in the North Atlantic 

 at some four hundred miles or more from the American coast. 

 This fish has sixteen horny gill-rakers on the first cerato-hypo- 

 branchial arch, the first four from the angle being much of a 

 size, and in length about one-half the depth of the gill membrane 

 below them ; all these gill-rakers have teeth on the inner surface. 

 There are nine gill-rakers on the first epibranchial, the upper four 

 of which are rudimentary. The gill-rakers inside of the first 

 and on the other arches are tubercles with a few minute cardi- 

 form teeth on each one. The upper pharyngeal teeth form (see 

 Fig. III.) a narrow patch on the second epibranchial, with conical 

 teeth, but not many of them, with a distinct provision of gum 

 above and below the patch. The lower patch in two pieces, with 

 a distinct divisional line across it, consists of conical teeth em- 

 bedded in mucous membrane, but not very thickly studded with 

 them. The lower pharyngeal teeth are in two portions, with a 

 row of rather distinct conical teeth on their inner margins that 

 stand well up ; the other parts of them have similar teeth, but 

 not quite so prominent. The surfaces of the basibranchials and 

 the branchial arches are cased with a skin covered with papillae. 



(To be continued.) 



