222 TEE ZOOLOGIST. 



restlessness as they repeatedly flew from one end of the Rock to 

 the other, they hardly could, for any length of time after their 

 arrival, have escaped my notice as I patrolled the Rock. Handi- 

 capped, then, by a lack of positive knowledge in regard to their 

 advent on the Rock, it becomes necessary to apply more rigidly 

 still the tests which were applied in the case of the Chaffinch 

 and other birds whose migrations by day appeared more obvious. 

 In demeanour all four species showed great activity. Wheatears 

 naturally appeared more at home on the Rock than did the 

 Warblers and Flycatchers. The contrast in the behaviour of 

 these particular Willow-Warblers and Chiffchaffs appearing at 

 various hours in the day and of those observed at dawn, 

 thoroughly tired out after flying round the lantern for many 

 hours before daylight broke, was very noticeable. Flycatchers 

 were decidedly active, but I could not contrast their individual 

 demeanour, as I did not see a single listless or even tame bird. 

 But I picked up a few dead specimens on the Rock, which, as 

 post-mortem examination revealed, had struck the lantern the 

 previous night. However, owing to the very different hours 

 at which Flycatchers appeared on the Rock, I have little 

 doubt that they were not laggards which originally had de- 

 scended from the lantern at dawn. In all four species I obtained 

 evidence that their advent on the Rock was not necessarily 

 associated with the presence of birds round the lantern on corre- 

 sponding nights. Nor did post-mortem examination reveal any 

 evidence that the specimens collected had in any way collided 

 with the lantern. They were all in good condition. It is well 

 to mention that, owing to the similarity of the Tuskar Rock to 

 their natural habitat, Wheatears frequently remained on for 

 several days, apart from being held up in rough weather. These 

 genuine laggards were mostly immature birds. Lack of fresh 

 water and much limitation in the amount and choice of diet 

 soon told on these birds, which daily grew less active. In four 

 to six days they became so listless as to be almost indistinguish- 

 able in their demeanour from fatigued birds observed at dawn 

 which had descended from the lantern. By counting the num- 

 ber of these laggards daily, and noting their dissociation with 

 any nocturnal migrants, I was able to keep the study of the two 

 phases of migration apart. Except Flycatchers, of which only 



