386 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



and fourth epibranchials, which have also a half row on the 

 lower portion. The lower pharyngeal teeth are also conical, 

 stronger at the anterior end than at the posterior ; they stand 

 in three rows at the anterior, diminishing to two rows at the 

 posterior end. The food of this fish consists of lobsters, crabs, 

 and molluscs. The mouth was full of chewed-up food, and a 

 small tooth-brush had to be used to clean the pharyngeal teeth 

 before they could be well observed. 



GoBIIDjE. 



Gobius capito has ten upstanding gill-rakers from the angle 

 to the end of the first cerato-hypobranchial arch, with one only 

 on its epibranchial. The inner side of the first arch has tubercle 

 gill-rakers, as have also the other arches. Between the branchial 

 arches these tubercles are alternate, but they do not make a very 

 close filter. The upper pharyngeal teeth appear as one large 

 circular patch of cardiform teeth, much embedded in mucous 

 membrane so that only the points show ; when felt with the 

 finger they are very palpable. The lower pharyngeal teeth are 

 also embedded in mucous membrane, and show even less than 

 the upper ones do, but again they are very palpable to the 

 finger. Fig. II., 2. 



Gobius niger (the Eock Goby, Couch). The pharyngeal teeth 

 in this fish are villiform. 



Gobius microps and G. minutus (the Tail-Spotted Goby, Couch). 

 Each of them has sharp little cardiform teeth for the upper and 

 lower pharyngeal teeth. In the mouth of one of the latter a 

 small Amphipod, generally known as a " sandhopper," was 

 found. 



Scorp^nid^:. 



Scorpcena scrofa, a Mediterranean fish. The gill-rakers are 

 very short and far apart, one on the first cerato-hypobranchial 

 arch, with four on the epibranchial; these all bear small teeth. 

 On the inner side of the first arch there are six tubercles with 

 small teeth on their summits. On the second and third branchial 

 arches there are eight tubercles of a flattened dome shape on 

 the outer side, and eight upstanding tubercles on the inner side, 

 with three tubercles on the second epibranchial. The fourth 



