164 THE ZOOLOGIST. 



more noticeable of the two, because the birds are partly day 

 migrants, and so force themselves on man's observation. 



Of the three hundred and nineteen species which are con- 

 sidered to be admissible into the Norfolk list, all, except seven, 

 are now known to be migrants. 



The autumn of 1913 was too fine for local ornithologists to 

 expect great things, nevertheless the wind blew steadily from the 

 north-east from September 2nd to 8th, and this was favourable 

 for rare birds. Accordingly Mr. E. C. Arnold, who was on the 

 shore every day from September 2nd to 15th, was able to report 

 a steady arrival of birds. But this only went on as long as the 

 wind was from the north-east; on the 9th it changed to west, 

 and at once Mr. Arnold remarked a disappearance of both 

 waders and small Passeres. It was no longer in the right 

 quarter for them, and consequently they ceased to pass. The 

 Ortolan Buntings and Barred Warblers had already put in a 

 fleeting appearance, but few in numbers, and their stay short. 

 The latter must now be looked upon as an annual visitant, given 

 suitable weather, having already occurred in Norfolk about six- 

 teen times. Of these, ten are stated to have come with a north 

 wind, and one with a very gentle south wind, while in four 

 cases the wind's direction was not noticed. All have come 

 very nearly at the same date, namely, between August 27th and 

 September 12th. 



The first October rush of birds was registered at Great 

 Yarmouth by Mr. T. Chasen on the 12th, and again another rush 

 was witnessed to the north of that town on the 19th. Further 

 to the north Mr. B. B. Riviere noted a big passage of birds at 

 the mouth of the Wash on October 21st and 22nd, which will be 

 described later on. Very few birds of prey came over ; indeed, 

 owing to the present system of persecution in Norway, they get 

 scarcer every year, and although there was an extraordinary 

 plentitude of wasps' nests, only one Honey Buzzard arrived, 

 and that was taken at sea (C. B. Ticehurst). 



The Effect of Wind on Norfolk Birds. — If you have not been 

 already troubled with too many theories about birds and wind, I 

 should like to add a few more words on this puzzling subject, 

 which seems to baffle some of the best ornithologists. My old 

 friend Heinrich Gatke, for whose meteorological observations, 



