THE FAUNA OF "RESERVOIR-PLANTS." 



191 



Protozoa. 



Eotifers. 



Planarians. 



Leeches. 



Oligochaet Worms. 



Gasteropoda. 



Crustacea (Ostra- 



coda, Copepoda, 



Isopoda). 



Peripatus. 



Myriapoda. 



Acari. 



Phalangids. 



Pseudoscorpions. 



Scorpions. 



Spiders. 



Vertebrata : tailed 



and tailless Batra- 



chians. 



Insecta : — 



Thysanura. 



Earwigs. 



Cockroaches. 



Other Orthoptera. 



Thysanoptera. 



Hemiptera. 



Ants. 



Perlid larva3. 



Dragonfly larvae. 



Caddis-fly larvae. 



Lepidopterous larvae. 



Beetles and beetle- 

 larvae of a number 

 of families, includ- 

 ing a true water- 

 beetle (Dytiscid). 



Dipterous larvae, in- 

 cluding CulicidcB, 

 Cliironomidce, Ti- 

 pulida, Bhyphida, 

 Borboridce, Antlio- 

 myidm, Syrphidce. 



Special relations of members of the fauna to their environment. — 

 Several of the more general relationships between the bromelia- 

 fauna and its environment have been considered under the 

 heading "Environmental conditions of the bromelia-marsh." 

 Some special cases may be briefly mentioned. 



Bromelias may be upset by storms and temporarily emptied 

 of their contained water. Many of the fauna can survive 

 temporary desiccation, and some have special means of holding 

 on to the plant. A remarkable case is that of a small Syrphid 

 larva * which has ventral suckers ; a phenomenon parallel to 

 that seen in the larvae of another family of flies, the Blepharo- 

 ceridce, which cling to the rock-faces of waterfalls, &c, by means 

 of suckers. 



It appears that some bromelicolous creatures, whose con- 

 geners in terrestrial waters swim well, do not swim in the narrow 

 spaces of the "aquarium," but rather climb on the leaves. 

 Eeference may be made to one of the longest-known bromelia- 

 dwellers, a Caddis-fly larva found in Brazil by Fritz Muller. 

 This insect, which Muller named Phylloicus bromeliarum, con- 



* Picado, op.cit., pp. 263, 358. 



